雅思閱讀難句講解：平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)（下）

　　1．Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有三個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為should know，其余兩個都是由where引導的并列賓語從句。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）Everyone should know．

　　2）Where the nearest fire alarm box is located．

　　3）Where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are．

　　翻譯：每個人都應(yīng)該知道最近的火災(zāi)報警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火門位于何處。

　　2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有2個謂語動詞，其中第二個is influenced是主句的謂語動詞，主干是The way is culturally influenced。第一個is used是定語從句的謂語動詞，但是該定語從句省略了引導詞。定語從句中三個并列的不定式短語動詞to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities共同作為is used的目的狀語。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）The way is culturally influenced．

　　2）Space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities．

　　翻譯：怎樣利用空間來獲得個人隱私、建造家園以及設(shè)計城市都會受到文化的影響。

　　3．I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有5個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為wanted。was和thought分別屬于兩個由that引導的并列賓語從句。而owed和was going為兩個并列的謂語動詞，共同主語為England。England這句話前面為了避免重復(fù)而省略了賓語從句的引導詞that，實際上是thought的賓語從句。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）I wanted her to know．

　　2）That my heart was with her．

　　3）That I thought．

　　4）, may make the difference between life and death when fire breaks out．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有兩個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為may make，其主語是動名詞短語keeping your head。breaks out是when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞。插入語中的crowding和pushing兩個動名詞是平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）Keeping your head may make the difference between life and death．

　　2）When fire breaks out．

　　翻譯：當發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，保持頭腦冷靜，而不是向安全出口擁堵，能夠帶來生與死的不同結(jié)果。

　　5．Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely everyday, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有4個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為can convince，其主語為Neither friends nor family。其余三個謂語動詞全是convince的賓語從句的謂語動詞，其中最后一個從句前面省略了that。拆分為：

　　1）Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people．

　　2）That most animals are harmless．

　　3）That thousands of travelers fly safely everyday．

　　4）分隔了兩個并列的賓語從句that we did not see和that we failed to。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）But we remember with far greater pain．

　　2）That we did not see that beauty．

　　3）When it flowered．

　　4）That we failed to respond with love．

　　5）When it was tendered．

　　翻譯：但是我們更加痛苦地回憶著，當花兒開放時我們沒有看到她的美麗，在別人給予我們愛的時候也沒有用愛來做出回報。

　　10．This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire 分隔了主語從句和其謂語can be。being是動名詞。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）This is not an easy lesson to learn．

　　2）Especially when we are young and think．

　　3）That the world is ours to command．

　　4）That whatever we desire can be ours．

　　翻譯：這不是容易學會的一課，尤其是當我們還年輕，認為這個世界是由我們掌控，而且認為無論我們渴望得到什么，只要充滿激情、全力以赴，就能實現(xiàn)。

　　11．More than three million people live in inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有5個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為兩個并列的live。which引導非限定性定語從句修suburban area；that引導定語從句修飾villages，而what引導form的賓語從句。可以拆分為：

　　1）More than people live in inner London．

　　2）And nearly five million people live in area．

　　3）The area is made up of villages．

　　4）The villages have merged to form．

　　5）What is now called outer London．

　　翻譯：三百多萬人住在倫敦市區(qū)，將近五百多萬人住在周邊郊區(qū)該地區(qū)由以前分散的村莊組成，后來逐漸合并形成今天所謂的外部倫敦。

　　12．The journey and the stay are 分割了are和表語outside the normal places。nature在這里表示本質(zhì)、性質(zhì)的意思。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）The journey and the stay are outside the normal places of residence and work．

　　2）The journey and the stay are of short-term and temporary nature．

　　3）There is a clear intention to return home

　　翻譯：（旅游中的）旅程和停留從定義上講是在通常的居住和工作處所之外的，而且有一種短暫的性質(zhì)。在短期之內(nèi)，還要有一個明確的回家的意圖。

　　13．The limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有3個謂語動詞，其中第二個are focused是主句的謂語動詞。rather than意思是而非，其前后并列兩個on引導的介詞短語。拆分為：

　　1）The limited investments are focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills．

　　2）The investments are made in training workers．

　　3）The skills make it possible to absorb new technologies．

　　翻譯：用于培訓工人的有限投資也被集中用在訓練完成下一個工作的必要技能上，而非用在可以吸收新技術(shù)的基本技能培訓上。

　　14．We have tried to isolate some of the key factors that govern service quality, and offer examples of organizations that manage service well and of some that manage it poorly．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有4個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為have tried，不定式to后面并列兩個動詞isolate和offer。兩個of并列作為examples的后置定語。of some指代的是of some organizations。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）We have tried to isolate some of the key factors．a(chǎn)nd offer examples of organizations and of some．

　　2）Factors govern service quality．

　　3）Organizations manage service well．

　　4）Organizations manage it poorly．

　　翻譯：我們力圖挑選出一些控制服務(wù)質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵因素，并且提供一些例子來說明某些機構(gòu)把服務(wù)管理得很好，而有些卻很差。

　　15．Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句只有2個謂語動詞have distinguished和have ensured。主干是Human beings have distinguished themselves and ensured their survival。by引導的方式狀語后面并列了多個動詞不定式to observe and understand/to adapt to/to control and adapt it to，作為ability的修飾成分。

　　翻譯：人類已經(jīng)將自己與其他動物區(qū)分開來，并且通過這樣做來確保自己的生存，所依靠的就是通過觀察和理解周圍的環(huán)境，然后適應(yīng)，控制并且改造該環(huán)境，使其適合自己需要的能力。

　　1．Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有三個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為should know，其余兩個都是由where引導的并列賓語從句。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）Everyone should know．

　　2）Where the nearest fire alarm box is located．

　　3）Where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are．

　　翻譯：每個人都應(yīng)該知道最近的火災(zāi)報警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火門位于何處。

　　2．The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有2個謂語動詞，其中第二個is influenced是主句的謂語動詞，主干是The way is culturally influenced。第一個is used是定語從句的謂語動詞，但是該定語從句省略了引導詞。定語從句中三個并列的不定式短語動詞to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities共同作為is used的目的狀語。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）The way is culturally influenced．

　　2）Space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities．

　　翻譯：怎樣利用空間來獲得個人隱私、建造家園以及設(shè)計城市都會受到文化的影響。

　　3．I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有5個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為wanted。was和thought分別屬于兩個由that引導的并列賓語從句。而owed和was going為兩個并列的謂語動詞，共同主語為England。England這句話前面為了避免重復(fù)而省略了賓語從句的引導詞that，實際上是thought的賓語從句。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）I wanted her to know．

　　2）That my heart was with her．

　　3）That I thought．

　　4）, may make the difference between life and death when fire breaks out．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有兩個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為may make，其主語是動名詞短語keeping your head。breaks out是when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞。插入語中的crowding和pushing兩個動名詞是平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）Keeping your head may make the difference between life and death．

　　2）When fire breaks out．

　　翻譯：當發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，保持頭腦冷靜，而不是向安全出口擁堵，能夠帶來生與死的不同結(jié)果。

　　5．Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely everyday, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有4個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為can convince，其主語為Neither friends nor family。其余三個謂語動詞全是convince的賓語從句的謂語動詞，其中最后一個從句前面省略了that。拆分為：

　　1）Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people．

　　2）That most animals are harmless．

　　3）That thousands of travelers fly safely everyday．

　　4）分隔了兩個并列的賓語從句that we did not see和that we failed to。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）But we remember with far greater pain．

　　2）That we did not see that beauty．

　　3）When it flowered．

　　4）That we failed to respond with love．

　　5）When it was tendered．

　　翻譯：但是我們更加痛苦地回憶著，當花兒開放時我們沒有看到她的美麗，在別人給予我們愛的時候也沒有用愛來做出回報。

　　10．This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire 分隔了主語從句和其謂語can be。being是動名詞。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）This is not an easy lesson to learn．

　　2）Especially when we are young and think．

　　3）That the world is ours to command．

　　4）That whatever we desire can be ours．

　　翻譯：這不是容易學會的一課，尤其是當我們還年輕，認為這個世界是由我們掌控，而且認為無論我們渴望得到什么，只要充滿激情、全力以赴，就能實現(xiàn)。

　　11．More than three million people live in inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有5個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為兩個并列的live。which引導非限定性定語從句修suburban area；that引導定語從句修飾villages，而what引導form的賓語從句。可以拆分為：

　　1）More than people live in inner London．

　　2）And nearly five million people live in area．

　　3）The area is made up of villages．

　　4）The villages have merged to form．

　　5）What is now called outer London．

　　翻譯：三百多萬人住在倫敦市區(qū)，將近五百多萬人住在周邊郊區(qū)該地區(qū)由以前分散的村莊組成，后來逐漸合并形成今天所謂的外部倫敦。

　　12．The journey and the stay are 分割了are和表語outside the normal places。nature在這里表示本質(zhì)、性質(zhì)的意思。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）The journey and the stay are outside the normal places of residence and work．

　　2）The journey and the stay are of short-term and temporary nature．

　　3）There is a clear intention to return home

　　翻譯：（旅游中的）旅程和停留從定義上講是在通常的居住和工作處所之外的，而且有一種短暫的性質(zhì)。在短期之內(nèi)，還要有一個明確的回家的意圖。

　　13．The limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有3個謂語動詞，其中第二個are focused是主句的謂語動詞。rather than意思是而非，其前后并列兩個on引導的介詞短語。拆分為：

　　1）The limited investments are focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills．

　　2）The investments are made in training workers．

　　3）The skills make it possible to absorb new technologies．

　　翻譯：用于培訓工人的有限投資也被集中用在訓練完成下一個工作的必要技能上，而非用在可以吸收新技術(shù)的基本技能培訓上。

　　14．We have tried to isolate some of the key factors that govern service quality, and offer examples of organizations that manage service well and of some that manage it poorly．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句有4個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為have tried，不定式to后面并列兩個動詞isolate和offer。兩個of并列作為examples的后置定語。of some指代的是of some organizations。本句可以拆分為：

　　1）We have tried to isolate some of the key factors．a(chǎn)nd offer examples of organizations and of some．

　　2）Factors govern service quality．

　　3）Organizations manage service well．

　　4）Organizations manage it poorly．

　　翻譯：我們力圖挑選出一些控制服務(wù)質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵因素，并且提供一些例子來說明某些機構(gòu)把服務(wù)管理得很好，而有些卻很差。

　　15．Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs．

　　結(jié)構(gòu)：本句只有2個謂語動詞have distinguished和have ensured。主干是Human beings have distinguished themselves and ensured their survival。by引導的方式狀語后面并列了多個動詞不定式to observe and understand/to adapt to/to control and adapt it to，作為ability的修飾成分。

　　翻譯：人類已經(jīng)將自己與其他動物區(qū)分開來，并且通過這樣做來確保自己的生存，所依靠的就是通過觀察和理解周圍的環(huán)境，然后適應(yīng)，控制并且改造該環(huán)境，使其適合自己需要的能力。