2024屆高考英語二輪復習針對訓練：專題4 語法填空和短文改錯 第3講 語法專題 5 動詞的時態、語態和語氣（通用版）
動詞的時態、語態和語氣
[專項訓練]單(2024·高考陜西卷改編)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress____________(thank)all the people who had helped in her career.
解析：句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎之后繼續感謝所有曾經在她的職業生go on后接to do或doing作賓語均可但是go on doing sth.表示“繼續做同一件事”而go on to do sth.則表示“繼續做另一件事”。由語境可知在拿獎后又繼續做另一件事即“感謝所有幫助過她的人”故用go on to do sth.。答案：to thank(2024·高考浙江卷改編)Listening to music at home is one thing____________(perform) live is quite another.
解析：句意：在家聽音樂是一回事去現場聽正在被演奏的音樂完全是另一回事。題干中含有“hear＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構賓語it(指代music)與perform之間存在被動關系且此處表示去現場聽正在被演奏的音樂故應用being performed作賓語補足語。答案：being performed(2024·高考重慶卷改編) ____________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow解析：句意：因為他是在格拉斯哥最貧窮的地區被撫養大的所以他走了一段很長很艱辛的路才成為一位足球明星。句子的主語he和raise是被動關系答案：Raised(2024·高考重慶卷改編)Like ancient sailors____________(use) the sun and the stars.
解析：句意：就像古代的水手鳥能利用太陽和星星辨別路。birds與use是邏輯上的主謂關系并且usefind同時發生故用現在分詞作狀語。答案：using(2024·四川省名校聯盟測試改編)—The garage_____________(build) outside the hospital annoys the doctors and patients terribly.解析：句意：——醫院外正在建設中的車庫嚴重影響到了醫生和病人。——事實上我們不知道什么時候被建完。根據句式結構可知本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。the garage與build之間為被動關系根據下文可知車庫正在建設當中故用現在分詞的被動式。答案：being built (2024·湖南師大附中月考改編)____________(wait) for the bus for thirty minutes解析：句意：等了三十分鐘公交車后他失去了耐心開始焦慮起來。wait的動作發生在謂語動作之前且與主語he之間為主動關系故填Having waited在句中作原因狀語。答案：Having waited____________(repair)，so the workers are required ____________(get) ready.
解析：句意：這些電腦需要修理因此這些工人被要求做好準備。sth.require(s) doing/to be done表示“某事需要被做”；sb.be required to do sth.意為“某人被要求做某事”。答案：repairing/to be repaired；to get____________ (put) so much money into the stock market，and decided to sell some instead of ____________(hold)all of them.
解析：句意：我父親后悔把那么多錢投到股市上最終決定賣掉一部分而不是全握在手里不放。regret doing表示“后悔做過某事”；此處instead of為介詞短語故后接動名詞作賓語。答案：putting；holdinganagers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____________(carry) out the next year.
解析：句意：經理們討論了明年有望得以實施的那項計劃。that they would...next year為定語從句修the plan。先行詞在從句中作see的賓語該句為“see＋賓語＋賓補”句式與carry out之間為動賓關系故用過去分詞作賓補。答案：carried____________(settle)，the manager felt like a rat on hot bricks.
解析：句意：因為有許多難with復合結構與settle之間為被動關系且“解決難題”發生在將來故用不定式作賓補這里不定式用主動表被動含義表示將要發生的動作。答案：to settle____________(devote) to her job，Ms.Wang has no time to be with her daughter.
解析：be devoted to(doing) sth.為固定短語意為“致力于(做)某事”強調主語所處的狀態。答案：Devoted____________(get) good grades.
解析：句意：每天要放松一下自己否too...to do...句型意為“太……而不能做……”設空處用動詞不定式作結果狀語。答案：to get____________(compare) with the train’s 28 hours.
解析：句意：馬走這一段路要用6天與之相比火車要用28個小時。本題compared with為習慣搭配與……相比”不受主句主語的影響。答案：compared14．When you’re learning to play the piano，____________(have)a good teacher makes a big difference.
解析：句意：在你學彈鋼琴時有一位好老師會起到很大的作用。根據句式結構可知本題考查動名詞答案：havinga?
—There are so many troublesome problems remaining ____________(settle)．解析：句意：——琳達你為什么看上去不開心？——因為有許多棘手的問題有待解決。remain to do sth.意為“尚待……；留待……”與problems之間為被動關系故用不定式的被動式。答案：to be settled單句改錯(2024·高考陜西卷·短文改錯) I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.解析：句意：我也許得再退休一次能吃到更多的餅干。由語境可知此處要用動詞不定式作目的狀語。答案：get前加to(2024·高考陜西卷·短文改錯) My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!解析：分析句子結構可知連接兩個并列成分介詞of后是復合賓語故用動名詞形式。答案：enjoy—enjoying(2024·高考四川卷·短文改錯) It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.____________________________________________________________________
解析：want后接不定式作賓語。答案：在want后加to(2024·高考四川卷·短文改錯) We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars._________________________________________________
解析：考查spend time (in)doing sth.結構意為“花費時間做某事”此處省略了介詞in。答案：sing—singing(2024·高考浙江卷·短文改錯)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.解析：使役動詞make后面跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補即make sb.do sth.表示“使某人做某事”所以felt改為feel。答案：felt—feel(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ·短文改錯)After looks at the toy for some time解析：介詞after后面跟形式故用looking。答案：looks—looking7．With a lot of work do，I decided not to play with you. 解析：句do的動作還沒有發生在with的復合結構中如果作賓補的動作還未發生常用不定式的主動形式。答案：do前加to解析：句意：以情緒而不是原因做出一個重要的決定你遲早會為此后悔的。sb.base(s) sth.on sth.某人把……放在……的基礎之上。句子主語you與動詞base構成主動關系故使用現在分詞形式。答案：Based—Basing________________
解析：句意：為了實現目標一個人不僅需要知識而且需要好的個性這是毫無疑問的。在that引導的同位語從句中to achieve作目的狀語故加to。答案：在achieve前加to_____________________________________________________________
解析：句意：我打電話是想詢問關于電視資訊中登的那個職位的信息。advertise與被修飾詞position之間為被動關系故用過去分詞作定語。答案：advertising—advertisedto have an entirely different word order from Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：翻譯成英語之后這句話the sentence與translate之間為被動關系故用過去分詞作狀語。答案：Translating—Translated解析：句意：邁克爾把姚明的畫像掛在床邊目的是提醒自己記住自己的夢想。本句為“keep＋賓語＋賓補”結構與remind之間為動賓關系故用過去分詞作賓補。答案：reminding—reminded_________________________
解析：句意：在找一些私人文件時我意外看到了一個裝有一些老照片的相冊。album和contain之間為主謂關系故用現在分詞作定語相當于which contained。答案：contained—containing解析：句意：尤其重要的是我已經明白微笑是解決任何問題的關鍵。此處to為介詞后接動名詞形式構成短語the key to doing sth.意為“做……的關鍵”。答案：solve—solvingalways kept silent in oral class to avoid make mistakes.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：起初我avoid doing sth.為固定搭配意為“避免做某事”故此處應用動名詞形式。答案：make—making[高考模擬]語法填空(2024·甘肅蘭州市高三實戰考試)閱讀下面材料在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。m waterborne
1.____________ (disease)．And drought regularly causes suffering in some of the world’s poorest countries.The world needs to respond much better.We need to increase
water
efficiency____________ (especial)
in agriculture.We need to free women and girls 3.____________
the daily chores of 4.____________ (carry) water，often over great distances.We must involve them in decision-making on water management.We need to make sanitation a priority.This is where progress is lagging (落后) most.And we must show that water resources need not be a source of conflict.Instead(催化劑) for cooperation.Significant gains have been made.But still a major effort 5.____________ (require)．That is why this year 6.____________ (mark) the beginning of the“Water for Life Decade”．Our goal is 7.____________ (meet) the internationally agreed targets for water and sanitation by 2024，8.____________
to build the foundation for further progress in the years beyond.
This is 9.____________
urgent matter of human development，and human dignity.Together，we can provide safe，clean water to all the world’s people.The world’s water resources are our lifeline for 10.____________ (survive)，and for continuous improvement in the 21st century.Together，we must manage them better.
【解題導語】 水對于生命來說是必不可少的。每年有許多兒童死于由水傳播的疾病如何讓整個人類和諧共享優質的水作者給出了建議并發出了號1．解析：考查名詞。disease既可作可數名詞也可作不可數名詞故此處應填disease或diseases。 答案：disease(s)解析：考查副詞。此處修飾空后的介詞短語因此應該用副詞形式。答案：especially解析：考查介free sb.from...“使某人擺脫……”可知此處應填介詞from。 答案：from解析：考查非謂語動詞。介詞后面應該用動名詞所以填carrying。答案：carrying解析：考查時態、語態及主謂一致。根據整篇文章的時態及still的提示可知此處應用一般現在時；由于句子的主語與require之間在邏輯上是動賓關系主語為“a major effort”所以用一般現在時的被動語態is required。答案：is required解析：考查時態及主謂一致。根據本句的is可知此處應用一般現在時；由于主語是this year為單數因此應填marks。答案：marks解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處8空后的不定式to build并列。答案：to meet解析：考查連詞。此處應用and連接兩個并列的非謂語動詞。答案：and解析：考查冠詞。這是人類發展與人類尊嚴的一件緊迫之事。此處表示泛指“一件”因此用不定冠詞an。答案：an考查名詞。世界水資源是我們生存的生命線。介詞for后面應用提示詞的名詞形式作其賓語。答案：survival短文改錯(2024·河南省鄭州市高中畢業班第二次質量預測)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處多者(從第11處起)不計分。Dear Mandy，
I’m not doing well in my lessons at school，especial in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university.He thinks I’m lazy，but it’s not true.I work really hard，often study late into the night！I’ve tried to talk to my motheryear.When I told my dad，all he said was，“You mustn’t waste your time in art.You must focus your mind on your lessons！”I’m feeling quite puzzling about what to do now.Would you please help me out?答案： in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me
go to university.He thinks I’m lazy，but it’s not true.I work really hard，often
late into the night！I’ve tried to talk to my mother I have to work as hard
my brother does.My brother doesn’t study very hard， he always gets excellent grades.It’s not fair!
The only thing I like
is art.My teacher says I’m the best student she’s had for .When I told my dad，all he said was，“You mustn’t waste your time
art.You must focus your mind on your lessons！”I’m feeling quite
動詞的時態、語態和語氣
[專項訓練]單(2024·高考陜西卷改編)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress____________(thank)all the people who had helped in her career.
解析：句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎之后繼續感謝所有曾經在她的職業生go on后接to do或doing作賓語均可但是go on doing sth.表示“繼續做同一件事”而go on to do sth.則表示“繼續做另一件事”。由語境可知在拿獎后又繼續做另一件事即“感謝所有幫助過她的人”故用go on to do sth.。答案：to thank(2024·高考浙江卷改編)Listening to music at home is one thing____________(perform) live is quite another.
解析：句意：在家聽音樂是一回事去現場聽正在被演奏的音樂完全是另一回事。題干中含有“hear＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構賓語it(指代music)與perform之間存在被動關系且此處表示去現場聽正在被演奏的音樂故應用being performed作賓語補足語。答案：being performed(2024·高考重慶卷改編) ____________(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow解析：句意：因為他是在格拉斯哥最貧窮的地區被撫養大的所以他走了一段很長很艱辛的路才成為一位足球明星。句子的主語he和raise是被動關系答案：Raised(2024·高考重慶卷改編)Like ancient sailors____________(use) the sun and the stars.
解析：句意：就像古代的水手鳥能利用太陽和星星辨別路。birds與use是邏輯上的主謂關系并且usefind同時發生故用現在分詞作狀語。答案：using(2024·四川省名校聯盟測試改編)—The garage_____________(build) outside the hospital annoys the doctors and patients terribly.解析：句意：——醫院外正在建設中的車庫嚴重影響到了醫生和病人。——事實上我們不知道什么時候被建完。根據句式結構可知本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。the garage與build之間為被動關系根據下文可知車庫正在建設當中故用現在分詞的被動式。答案：being built (2024·湖南師大附中月考改編)____________(wait) for the bus for thirty minutes解析：句意：等了三十分鐘公交車后他失去了耐心開始焦慮起來。wait的動作發生在謂語動作之前且與主語he之間為主動關系故填Having waited在句中作原因狀語。答案：Having waited____________(repair)，so the workers are required ____________(get) ready.
解析：句意：這些電腦需要修理因此這些工人被要求做好準備。sth.require(s) doing/to be done表示“某事需要被做”；sb.be required to do sth.意為“某人被要求做某事”。答案：repairing/to be repaired；to get____________ (put) so much money into the stock market，and decided to sell some instead of ____________(hold)all of them.
解析：句意：我父親后悔把那么多錢投到股市上最終決定賣掉一部分而不是全握在手里不放。regret doing表示“后悔做過某事”；此處instead of為介詞短語故后接動名詞作賓語。答案：putting；holdinganagers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____________(carry) out the next year.
解析：句意：經理們討論了明年有望得以實施的那項計劃。that they would...next year為定語從句修the plan。先行詞在從句中作see的賓語該句為“see＋賓語＋賓補”句式與carry out之間為動賓關系故用過去分詞作賓補。答案：carried____________(settle)，the manager felt like a rat on hot bricks.
解析：句意：因為有許多難with復合結構與settle之間為被動關系且“解決難題”發生在將來故用不定式作賓補這里不定式用主動表被動含義表示將要發生的動作。答案：to settle____________(devote) to her job，Ms.Wang has no time to be with her daughter.
解析：be devoted to(doing) sth.為固定短語意為“致力于(做)某事”強調主語所處的狀態。答案：Devoted____________(get) good grades.
解析：句意：每天要放松一下自己否too...to do...句型意為“太……而不能做……”設空處用動詞不定式作結果狀語。答案：to get____________(compare) with the train’s 28 hours.
解析：句意：馬走這一段路要用6天與之相比火車要用28個小時。本題compared with為習慣搭配與……相比”不受主句主語的影響。答案：compared14．When you’re learning to play the piano，____________(have)a good teacher makes a big difference.
解析：句意：在你學彈鋼琴時有一位好老師會起到很大的作用。根據句式結構可知本題考查動名詞答案：havinga?
—There are so many troublesome problems remaining ____________(settle)．解析：句意：——琳達你為什么看上去不開心？——因為有許多棘手的問題有待解決。remain to do sth.意為“尚待……；留待……”與problems之間為被動關系故用不定式的被動式。答案：to be settled單句改錯(2024·高考陜西卷·短文改錯) I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.解析：句意：我也許得再退休一次能吃到更多的餅干。由語境可知此處要用動詞不定式作目的狀語。答案：get前加to(2024·高考陜西卷·短文改錯) My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!解析：分析句子結構可知連接兩個并列成分介詞of后是復合賓語故用動名詞形式。答案：enjoy—enjoying(2024·高考四川卷·短文改錯) It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.____________________________________________________________________
解析：want后接不定式作賓語。答案：在want后加to(2024·高考四川卷·短文改錯) We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars._________________________________________________
解析：考查spend time (in)doing sth.結構意為“花費時間做某事”此處省略了介詞in。答案：sing—singing(2024·高考浙江卷·短文改錯)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.解析：使役動詞make后面跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補即make sb.do sth.表示“使某人做某事”所以felt改為feel。答案：felt—feel(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ·短文改錯)After looks at the toy for some time解析：介詞after后面跟形式故用looking。答案：looks—looking7．With a lot of work do，I decided not to play with you. 解析：句do的動作還沒有發生在with的復合結構中如果作賓補的動作還未發生常用不定式的主動形式。答案：do前加to解析：句意：以情緒而不是原因做出一個重要的決定你遲早會為此后悔的。sb.base(s) sth.on sth.某人把……放在……的基礎之上。句子主語you與動詞base構成主動關系故使用現在分詞形式。答案：Based—Basing________________
解析：句意：為了實現目標一個人不僅需要知識而且需要好的個性這是毫無疑問的。在that引導的同位語從句中to achieve作目的狀語故加to。答案：在achieve前加to_____________________________________________________________
解析：句意：我打電話是想詢問關于電視資訊中登的那個職位的信息。advertise與被修飾詞position之間為被動關系故用過去分詞作定語。答案：advertising—advertisedto have an entirely different word order from Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：翻譯成英語之后這句話the sentence與translate之間為被動關系故用過去分詞作狀語。答案：Translating—Translated解析：句意：邁克爾把姚明的畫像掛在床邊目的是提醒自己記住自己的夢想。本句為“keep＋賓語＋賓補”結構與remind之間為動賓關系故用過去分詞作賓補。答案：reminding—reminded_________________________
解析：句意：在找一些私人文件時我意外看到了一個裝有一些老照片的相冊。album和contain之間為主謂關系故用現在分詞作定語相當于which contained。答案：contained—containing解析：句意：尤其重要的是我已經明白微笑是解決任何問題的關鍵。此處to為介詞后接動名詞形式構成短語the key to doing sth.意為“做……的關鍵”。答案：solve—solvingalways kept silent in oral class to avoid make mistakes.
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解析：句意：起初我avoid doing sth.為固定搭配意為“避免做某事”故此處應用動名詞形式。答案：make—making[高考模擬]語法填空(2024·甘肅蘭州市高三實戰考試)閱讀下面材料在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。m waterborne
1.____________ (disease)．And drought regularly causes suffering in some of the world’s poorest countries.The world needs to respond much better.We need to increase
water
efficiency____________ (especial)
in agriculture.We need to free women and girls 3.____________
the daily chores of 4.____________ (carry) water，often over great distances.We must involve them in decision-making on water management.We need to make sanitation a priority.This is where progress is lagging (落后) most.And we must show that water resources need not be a source of conflict.Instead(催化劑) for cooperation.Significant gains have been made.But still a major effort 5.____________ (require)．That is why this year 6.____________ (mark) the beginning of the“Water for Life Decade”．Our goal is 7.____________ (meet) the internationally agreed targets for water and sanitation by 2024，8.____________
to build the foundation for further progress in the years beyond.
This is 9.____________
urgent matter of human development，and human dignity.Together，we can provide safe，clean water to all the world’s people.The world’s water resources are our lifeline for 10.____________ (survive)，and for continuous improvement in the 21st century.Together，we must manage them better.
【解題導語】 水對于生命來說是必不可少的。每年有許多兒童死于由水傳播的疾病如何讓整個人類和諧共享優質的水作者給出了建議并發出了號1．解析：考查名詞。disease既可作可數名詞也可作不可數名詞故此處應填disease或diseases。 答案：disease(s)解析：考查副詞。此處修飾空后的介詞短語因此應該用副詞形式。答案：especially解析：考查介free sb.from...“使某人擺脫……”可知此處應填介詞from。 答案：from解析：考查非謂語動詞。介詞后面應該用動名詞所以填carrying。答案：carrying解析：考查時態、語態及主謂一致。根據整篇文章的時態及still的提示可知此處應用一般現在時；由于句子的主語與require之間在邏輯上是動賓關系主語為“a major effort”所以用一般現在時的被動語態is required。答案：is required解析：考查時態及主謂一致。根據本句的is可知此處應用一般現在時；由于主語是this year為單數因此應填marks。答案：marks解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處8空后的不定式to build并列。答案：to meet解析：考查連詞。此處應用and連接兩個并列的非謂語動詞。答案：and解析：考查冠詞。這是人類發展與人類尊嚴的一件緊迫之事。此處表示泛指“一件”因此用不定冠詞an。答案：an考查名詞。世界水資源是我們生存的生命線。介詞for后面應用提示詞的名詞形式作其賓語。答案：survival短文改錯(2024·河南省鄭州市高中畢業班第二次質量預測)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處多者(從第11處起)不計分。Dear Mandy，
I’m not doing well in my lessons at school，especial in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university.He thinks I’m lazy，but it’s not true.I work really hard，often study late into the night！I’ve tried to talk to my motheryear.When I told my dad，all he said was，“You mustn’t waste your time in art.You must focus your mind on your lessons！”I’m feeling quite puzzling about what to do now.Would you please help me out?答案： in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me
go to university.He thinks I’m lazy，but it’s not true.I work really hard，often
late into the night！I’ve tried to talk to my mother I have to work as hard
my brother does.My brother doesn’t study very hard， he always gets excellent grades.It’s not fair!
The only thing I like
is art.My teacher says I’m the best student she’s had for .When I told my dad，all he said was，“You mustn’t waste your time
art.You must focus your mind on your lessons！”I’m feeling quite
