2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時知能訓(xùn)練：人教版選修八 Unit 3《Inventors and inventions》

　　課時知能訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.完形填空

　　(2024·潮州模擬)There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time.One of them is to walk around it，guide-book in hand.Of course，we may __1__ with our guide-books the history and __2__developments of a town and get to know them.But then，if we __3__ our time and stay in a town for a while，we may get to know it better.When we __4__ it as a whole，we begin to have some __5__，which even the best guide-books do not answer.Why is the town just like this，this shape，this plan，this size? Why do its streets __6__in this particular way，and not in any __7__ way?

　　Here even the best guide-book __8__ us.One can't find in it the information about how a town has developed to the __9__ appearance.It may not describe the original __10__ of a town.However，one may get some ideas of what it __11__look like by walking around the town.One can also imagine how the town was first planned and built.Then one can learn more about in what direction the town __12__ to develop.

　　What is the __13__ of studying towns in this way？For me，it is __14__ that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one's own eyes.A personal visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive than just reading about it in a __15__.

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了了解一個城鎮(zhèn)的不同的方法。作者提出親自到城鎮(zhèn)里轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)要比拿一本旅行指南好。

　　1．A.write　B．tell

　　C．study

　　D．remember

　　【解析】　考查動詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，我們可以用旅行指南去研究一個城鎮(zhèn)的歷史以及它獨特的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，然后慢慢了解它。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“...of studying towns...”可知，C項正確。

　　【答案】　C

　　2．A.swift

　　B．similar

　　C．separate

　　D．special

　　【解析】　考查形容詞辨析。swift意為“迅速的，快的”；similar意為“相似的”；separate意為“單獨的，分開的”；special意為“特殊的”，上文提到研究城鎮(zhèn)的歷史，應(yīng)該是了解其獨到之處，故D項符合語境。

　　【答案】　D

　　3．A.take

　　B．treasure

　　C．put

　　D．limit

　　【解析】　考查動詞辨析。句意：不過，如果我們花時間在城里待一會兒，我們就可以更好地了解它。take意為“花費”，符合文意。

　　【答案】　A

　　4．A.look after

　　B．look at

　　C．look for

　　D．look up

　　【解析】　考查動詞短語辨析。look at意為“看到”；look after意為“照顧”；look for意為“尋找”；look up意為“查閱”。句意：當(dāng)我們把它看做一個總體后，我們就會有一些連最好的旅游指南都解答不了的問題。故B項符合文意。

　　【答案】　B

　　5．A.ideas

　　B．opinions

　　C．feelings D．questions

　　【解析】　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下一句“Why is the town just like this，this shape，this plan，this size？”可知，此處選D項，questions為先行詞，且作answer的賓語。

　　【答案】　D

　　6．A.open

　　B．run

　　C．begin

　　D．move

　　【解析】　考查動詞辨析。結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容可知，此處指城鎮(zhèn)街道特別的延伸方式，街道延伸用run/extend，故選B項。

　　【答案】　B

　　7．A.one

　　B．more

　　C．other

　　D．such

　　【解析】　考查形容詞辨析。other意為“其他的”。句意：為什么街道以這種獨特的方式延伸，而不是任何其他方式？故C項符合文意。

　　【答案】　C

　　8．A.fails

　　B．tricks

　　C．helps

　　D．satisfies

　　【解析】　考查動詞辨析。句意：甚至最好的旅行指南也會使我們失望。fail sb.意為“使某人失望，有負(fù)于某人”，符合文意。而help sb.意為“幫助某人”；trick sb.意為“哄騙某人”；satisfy sb.意為“使某人滿意”與語境不符。

　　【答案】　A

　　9．A.old

　　B．normal

　　C．first

　　D．present

　　【解析】　考查形容詞辨析。old意為“古老的，舊的”；normal意為“普通的”；first意為“第一的”；present意為“目前的”。這里是指通過guide-book你無法獲得關(guān)于一個城鎮(zhèn)如何發(fā)展成了現(xiàn)在的樣子的相關(guān)信息，故選D項。

　　【答案】　D

　　10．A.capital

　　B．meaning

　　C．design

　　D．change

　　【解析】　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“the town was first planned and built”可知，此空應(yīng)填design，表示不能向我們介紹城鎮(zhèn)最初的設(shè)計。

　　【答案】　C

　　11．A.used to

　　B．seemed to

　　C．had to D．happened to

　　【解析】　考查短語辨析。used to do意為“過去常常做某事”；seem to意為“似乎”；have to意為“不得不”；happen to意為“碰巧”。此處指在城鎮(zhèn)里走一走，可以了解它過去是什么樣子的，故A項符合文意。

　　【答案】　A

　　12．A.stops

　　B．a(chǎn)ppears

　　C．starts

　　D．continues

　　【解析】　考查動詞辨析。句意：于是，一個人能夠?qū)@個城鎮(zhèn)繼續(xù)往什么方向發(fā)展有了更多的了解。了解過去是為了展望未來，故D項正確。

　　【答案】　D

　　13．A.point

　　B．view

　　C．problem

　　D．difficulty

　　【解析】　考查名詞辨析。上文講述了了解城鎮(zhèn)的方式，再由下文中的“one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one's own eyes”可知，我們這么做的意義，故選A項，構(gòu)成what is the point of doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“做某事有何意義”。

　　【答案】　A

　　14．A.simply

　　B．nearly

　　C．generally

　　D．hardly

　　【解析】　考查副詞辨析。句意：對于我來講，親眼看一看城鎮(zhèn)僅會讓一個人獲得更多的快樂。simply意為“僅僅，只不過”，符合文意。

　　【答案】　A

　　15．A.magazine

　　B．guide-book

　　C．newspaper

　　D．fiction

　　【解析】　考查名詞辨析。句意：親自去城里轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)會幫助你更好地了解為什么它如此吸引人，比只讀旅行指南要好得多。故B項正確。

　　【答案】　B

　　Ⅱ.語法填空

　　He is the man who for many people has been a role model.Now your biggest hero deserves a special day when you can express your thanks and let him know 1.________ important he is to you.

　　The third Sunday of June—which 2.________(fall) on June 19 this year—is Father's Day.

　　The idea of Father's Day came from

　　3.________American woman called Sonora Smart Dodd in 1909.Dodd wanted a special day 4.________(honor)her father.He raised six children by 5.________after his wife died.Dodd thought there needed to be a day to honor loving dads.

　　The first Father's Day 6.________(celebrate) on June 19,1910.In 1924，US President Calvin Coolidge supported the idea of a 7.________(nation) Father's Day.Finally，in 1966，President Lyndon Johnson declared the third Sunday of June 8.________Father's Day.

　　Here are some ways to show your love and respect：

　　*Send him a greeting card.Fathers prefer cards 9.________ are not too emotional.So choose one that will make him laugh.

　　*If he has a computer，cover his desktop 10.________words like “I love you Dad”．

　　*A small present，such as a framed photo of your family，can make him feel like a king.

　　【答案】　1.how　考連接詞的用法。賓語從句的感嘆句用how修飾形容詞important。

　　2．falls　考動詞時態(tài)的用法。日歷固定的節(jié)假日用一般現(xiàn)在時。

　　3．a(chǎn)n　考冠詞的用法。泛指美國一位婦女，用不定冠詞。

　　4．to honor　考非謂語動詞的用法。用動詞不定式作定語，修飾a special day。

　　5．himself　考代詞的用法。表“獨自，單獨”用by oneself。

　　6．was celebrated　考謂語動詞的用法。父親節(jié)是被慶祝的，故用被動語態(tài)。

　　7．national　考構(gòu)詞法。國慶節(jié)要用形容詞形式。

　　8．a(chǎn)s　考介詞的用法。as在這里表示“作為”。

　　9．that/which　考連接詞的用法。引導(dǎo)定語從句，that或which在從句中作主語。

　　10．with　考介詞的用法。cover...with...“用……覆蓋”。

　　Ⅲ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　(2024·廣東五校聯(lián)考)Traffic jam and cities，it seems，go hand in hand.Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but，like the weather，no one seems to do anything about it.In particular，traffic engineers，transportation planners，and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.

　　But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success.Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities，and

　　view the “traffic problem” in a different light.

　　Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions.

　　Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces.Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems，while decaying cities don't have much traffic.New York and Los Angeles are America's most crowded cities.But if you want access to major brokerage houses (經(jīng)紀(jì)行)，you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities.And if your firm needs access to post-production film editors or satellite-guidance engineers，you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.

　　Despite traffic jam，a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large，crowded cities than elsewhere.Seen in this light，traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity，not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.

　　So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities，the costs of inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.

　　There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok，Jakarta，and Lagos.But mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US，even in our most crowded cities.That's why，for now，we don't see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago，heading for cities like California，and Illinois.

　　【語篇解讀】　文章講述交通堵塞是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的大城市常常出現(xiàn)的問題。然而，交通堵塞絕不是經(jīng)濟(jì)或者城市衰退的原因。

　　1．We can conclude from the first paragraph that________.

　　A．traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big city

　　B．traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal with

　　C．if traffic engineers try their best，traffic jam can be solved

　　D．public officials are always criticized for misusing their power

　　【解析】　推理判斷題。由第一段第一句可知城市和交通堵塞是相伴而生的。

　　【答案】　B

　　2．According to the passage，what's the author's opinion towards traffic jam?

　　A．In cities，traffic jam is unavoidable.

　　B．Traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.

　　C．Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.

　　D．For a successful city，traffic jam is not unpreventable.

　　【解析】　作者觀點題。從第二段第四個句子可知作者的明確觀點。交通堵塞本身就是發(fā)達(dá)城市發(fā)展中不可預(yù)測的副產(chǎn)品。

　　【答案】　C

　　3．By saying “decaying” (in Para.4)，the writer probably means ________.

　　A．declining

　　B．developing

　　C．rich and successful

　　D．strong and healthy

　　【解析】　詞義猜測題。由上文對比可知，成功的城市存在最糟糕的交通問題，相反的情況是衰退的城市沒有太多交通堵塞。

　　【答案】　A

　　4．According to this article，which statement about “New York” and “Los Angeles” is true?

　　A．The traffic jam in the two cities has been worsened.

　　B．New York and Los Angeles are the most successful cities in the USA.

　　C．It is easier to reach major brokerage houses in the two cities than in other cities.

　　D．Despite the traffic jam in LA，you'll find a satellite-guidance engineer more quickly there.

　　【解析】　推理判斷題。由第四段可知。

　　【答案】　D

　　5．What can we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A．California is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.

　　B．The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital becoming empty.

　　C．The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US.

　　D．Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.

　　【解析】　段落大意題。由最后一段第一個主題句可知。

　　【答案】　D

　　B

　　Bad moods can actually be good for you，with an Australian study finding that being sad makes people less gullible (輕信)，improves their ability to judge others and also boosts memory.

　　The study，authored by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales，showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of，and paid more attention to，their surroundings than happier people，who were more likely to believe anything they were told.

　　“Although positive mood seems to promote creativity，flexibility，cooperation，and reliance on mental shortcuts，negative moods trigger (引發(fā)) more attentive，careful thinking，paying greater attention to the external world，” Forgas wrote.

　　“Our research suggests that sadness...promotes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations.”

　　For the study，F(xiàn)orgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.

　　In one of the experiments，happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.

　　People in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices，and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.