英語講義【69】句子的類別
就結(jié)構(gòu)而言,英語句子有4類：簡單句（the simple sentence），并列句（the compound sentence）；復(fù)雜句（the complex sentence）；并列復(fù)雜句（the compound-complex sentence）。
只有一個主語（subject）和謂語（predicate）的句子，叫簡單句。兩個或兩個以上的簡單句，由等立連詞（coordinating conjunction）and, or, but, so, for等連接的句子，叫并列句。例如：
① You can go there and see the manager.
② I like reading, but she likes singing.
③ Take it or leave it.
由一個主句（main clause）和至少一個從屬分句（也稱從句, （subordinate clause）合成的句子，叫復(fù)雜句。根據(jù)性質(zhì)和功能，從句有3種，即：㈠ 名詞從句（the noun clause）；㈡形容詞從句（也稱定語從句, the adjective clause, or the relative clause ）；㈢副詞從句（也稱狀語從句, the adverb clause）。
如果一句里有兩個或以上的并列句，再加上至少一個從屬分句，這種句子就是并列復(fù)雜句。
從屬分句的共同點是，它們都要由從屬連詞（subordinating conjunction）引導(dǎo)而出。
名詞從句主要由That引導(dǎo)，如：
④ He told me that he was unwell yesterday.
⑤ That China is a big country cannot be denied.
⑥ The problem here is that people tend to be indifferent to politics.
④里的名詞從句是主句的賓語；⑤里的是主句的主語；⑥里的是主句的補足語。
形容詞從句由關(guān)系代詞who, which, that等或關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。這里的關(guān)系詞和從屬連詞不同的地方是關(guān)系詞既是連詞也是代詞或副詞。形容詞從句的功能在修飾主句里的名詞，叫先行詞（the antecedent）。例如：
⑦ Do you know the man who is speaking to that lady?
⑧ Show me the evidence which you have gathered.
⑨ The puppy that was knocked down has just been taken away.
⑩ Is this the place where we will meet?
● Sunday is the time when working people can relax a bit.
必須注意的是，先行詞是人，就由who或that引導(dǎo)；如果是動物或東西，就用which或that；如果是 所有格（the possessive case），就用whose；如果是地點、時間、原因，就要分別用關(guān)系副詞where, when, why。
至于副詞從句，可以根據(jù)從句的性質(zhì)選用從屬連詞。
時間副詞從句用when, as等，如：
● John received a warm welcome when he returned.
● As he came up the stairs, she went out.
原因副詞從句用because, since等，如：
● Tom could not come because he was ill.
● Since the rain has stopped now, let us go out.
條件副詞從句用if , unless等，如：
● If you work hard, you will succeed.
● I wont go unless I am invited.
讓步副詞從句用although, though等，如：
● The Lees are generous though they are not rich.
● Although it was hard work for us, we enjoyed it.
地點副詞從句用where, wherever等，如：
● Please stay where you are.
● Wherever I go, I meet friends,
此外，還有些副詞從句，如比較的、狀態(tài)的、目的的 、結(jié)果的，都由不同的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。
就結(jié)構(gòu)而言,英語句子有4類：簡單句（the simple sentence），并列句（the compound sentence）；復(fù)雜句（the complex sentence）；并列復(fù)雜句（the compound-complex sentence）。
只有一個主語（subject）和謂語（predicate）的句子，叫簡單句。兩個或兩個以上的簡單句，由等立連詞（coordinating conjunction）and, or, but, so, for等連接的句子，叫并列句。例如：
① You can go there and see the manager.
② I like reading, but she likes singing.
③ Take it or leave it.
由一個主句（main clause）和至少一個從屬分句（也稱從句, （subordinate clause）合成的句子，叫復(fù)雜句。根據(jù)性質(zhì)和功能，從句有3種，即：㈠ 名詞從句（the noun clause）；㈡形容詞從句（也稱定語從句, the adjective clause, or the relative clause ）；㈢副詞從句（也稱狀語從句, the adverb clause）。
如果一句里有兩個或以上的并列句，再加上至少一個從屬分句，這種句子就是并列復(fù)雜句。
從屬分句的共同點是，它們都要由從屬連詞（subordinating conjunction）引導(dǎo)而出。
名詞從句主要由That引導(dǎo)，如：
④ He told me that he was unwell yesterday.
⑤ That China is a big country cannot be denied.
⑥ The problem here is that people tend to be indifferent to politics.
④里的名詞從句是主句的賓語；⑤里的是主句的主語；⑥里的是主句的補足語。
形容詞從句由關(guān)系代詞who, which, that等或關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。這里的關(guān)系詞和從屬連詞不同的地方是關(guān)系詞既是連詞也是代詞或副詞。形容詞從句的功能在修飾主句里的名詞，叫先行詞（the antecedent）。例如：
⑦ Do you know the man who is speaking to that lady?
⑧ Show me the evidence which you have gathered.
⑨ The puppy that was knocked down has just been taken away.
⑩ Is this the place where we will meet?
● Sunday is the time when working people can relax a bit.
必須注意的是，先行詞是人，就由who或that引導(dǎo)；如果是動物或東西，就用which或that；如果是 所有格（the possessive case），就用whose；如果是地點、時間、原因，就要分別用關(guān)系副詞where, when, why。
至于副詞從句，可以根據(jù)從句的性質(zhì)選用從屬連詞。
時間副詞從句用when, as等，如：
● John received a warm welcome when he returned.
● As he came up the stairs, she went out.
原因副詞從句用because, since等，如：
● Tom could not come because he was ill.
● Since the rain has stopped now, let us go out.
條件副詞從句用if , unless等，如：
● If you work hard, you will succeed.
● I wont go unless I am invited.
讓步副詞從句用although, though等，如：
● The Lees are generous though they are not rich.
● Although it was hard work for us, we enjoyed it.
地點副詞從句用where, wherever等，如：
● Please stay where you are.
● Wherever I go, I meet friends,
此外，還有些副詞從句，如比較的、狀態(tài)的、目的的 、結(jié)果的，都由不同的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。
