高中英語語法-before 譯法種種
before 譯法種種
在近幾年的高考試題中， before 的出現率很高。 before 的譯法比較特殊，有時要從反面著筆，才能給出恰當的漢語對應語。筆者結合近幾年的高考題，簡要地談一下 before 的譯法。
1. before 譯為在之前。例如：
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. （ Proverb ） 不要在蛋尚未孵出之前先數雞。（勿過分指望沒有把握之事。）（諺語）
We do want to buy something now before prices go up. 在物價上漲之前，我們現在的確想買一些東西。
2. before 譯為才。例如：
The meeting was over before he arrived. 會議結束了，他才到。
You must finish your homework before you go out to play basketball.
你必須完成作業，（然后）才能出去打籃球。
3. before 譯為還沒有來得及就。例如：
He had measured me before I could get in a word. 我還沒有來得及插話，他就給我量好了。
Someone called me up in the middle of the night， but they bung up before I could answer the phone. 有人在半夜給我打電話，但我還沒有來得及接，電話就被掛了。
4. before 位于表示一段時間的詞語之后時，可譯為之后。例如：
Sun Shuwei studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team.
孫淑偉在學校努力學習，刻苦訓練， 5 年之后進入了國家隊。
They worked long hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.
他們超負荷工作，幾周之后，一切才恢復正常。
It'll be more than 100 years before the country begins once more to look as it did before.
一百多年之后，這個國家才能恢復到過去的樣子。
5. before 譯為免得。例如：
Do it now before you forget.
你現在就做，免得忘了。
6. before 譯為才能（但主句和從句中有情態動詞 must ， can 等）。例如：
We must study hard before we can serve the people effectively.
我們只有努力學習，才能有效地為人民服務。
Much must still be done before our dreams can come true. 我們仍需要做很多，才能使我們的夢想成為現實。
7. before 譯為而不，也不。例如：
He will die of hunger before he will steal. 他寧可餓死，也不愿去偷。
The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.
游擊隊員寧愿戰斗到死，也不投降。
8. before 譯為不知不覺。例如：
Time passed quickly before we knew it. We had to say goodbye to the workers.
時間過得真快，不知不覺我們該向工人告別了。
Twenty years passed before we knew it.
不知不覺， 20 年過去了。
before 譯法種種
在近幾年的高考試題中， before 的出現率很高。 before 的譯法比較特殊，有時要從反面著筆，才能給出恰當的漢語對應語。筆者結合近幾年的高考題，簡要地談一下 before 的譯法。
1. before 譯為在之前。例如：
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. （ Proverb ） 不要在蛋尚未孵出之前先數雞。（勿過分指望沒有把握之事。）（諺語）
We do want to buy something now before prices go up. 在物價上漲之前，我們現在的確想買一些東西。
2. before 譯為才。例如：
The meeting was over before he arrived. 會議結束了，他才到。
You must finish your homework before you go out to play basketball.
你必須完成作業，（然后）才能出去打籃球。
3. before 譯為還沒有來得及就。例如：
He had measured me before I could get in a word. 我還沒有來得及插話，他就給我量好了。
Someone called me up in the middle of the night， but they bung up before I could answer the phone. 有人在半夜給我打電話，但我還沒有來得及接，電話就被掛了。
4. before 位于表示一段時間的詞語之后時，可譯為之后。例如：
Sun Shuwei studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team.
孫淑偉在學校努力學習，刻苦訓練， 5 年之后進入了國家隊。
They worked long hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.
他們超負荷工作，幾周之后，一切才恢復正常。
It'll be more than 100 years before the country begins once more to look as it did before.
一百多年之后，這個國家才能恢復到過去的樣子。
5. before 譯為免得。例如：
Do it now before you forget.
你現在就做，免得忘了。
6. before 譯為才能（但主句和從句中有情態動詞 must ， can 等）。例如：
We must study hard before we can serve the people effectively.
我們只有努力學習，才能有效地為人民服務。
Much must still be done before our dreams can come true. 我們仍需要做很多，才能使我們的夢想成為現實。
7. before 譯為而不，也不。例如：
He will die of hunger before he will steal. 他寧可餓死，也不愿去偷。
The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.
游擊隊員寧愿戰斗到死，也不投降。
8. before 譯為不知不覺。例如：
Time passed quickly before we knew it. We had to say goodbye to the workers.
時間過得真快，不知不覺我們該向工人告別了。
Twenty years passed before we knew it.
不知不覺， 20 年過去了。
