2024屆貴州思南縣中學(xué)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解精編：4（含解析）
貴州思南縣中學(xué)2024高考英語閱讀理解一輪精編（四）及參考答案
閱讀理解—推理判斷題。
（2024年湖北襄陽(yáng)四中、龍泉中學(xué)、荊州中學(xué)聯(lián)考）
Are you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best? Do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? If you reply “yes” to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. You probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. You may be successful at work and in love.
But you may be misguided because things don't turn out for the best. You may believe that when on door closes another one opens(for example, you may fail to obtain a new job; another chance will come around soon). Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams(砰然關(guān)上)in your face. That's bitter reality.
Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲觀者)have suspected all along. it's called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for the tings by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, “What's interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situation's outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better.”
So far，so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on date or even in a sports game. It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Don't put all your eggs in one basket.”
And “Don't count your chickens until they hatch.” To have a confident and optimistic approach to life's problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien, the American comedian says ,”Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”
There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. Don't feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.
What's the passage mainly about?
A book that has recently been published.
How to become successful in life
The dangers of being too optimistic.
The benefits of defensive pessimism.
The underlined sentence “ This is not rocket science”(Para.4)means
.
it's not a dangerous thing to do
it is quite simple to understand
the cost is not so high
there is no real proof
which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?
Don't put all your eggs in one basket.
The glass is half full not half empty.
Whatever will be, will be.
Every cloud has a silver lining.
The writer would probably describe himself as
.
An optimist
B. a defeatist
C. a realist
D. a scientist
語篇解讀
本文是一篇說明文，主要說明的是防御非觀主義的積極力量。防御性悲觀主義者自己準(zhǔn)備設(shè)定低的結(jié)果，他們他細(xì)考慮處理這些問題的方法，這給了他們一個(gè)很好的控制感。
D 主旨大意題。文章在第一時(shí)間提出了人應(yīng)該樂觀一點(diǎn)會(huì)更好，接著主要計(jì)論了要做一個(gè)有意識(shí)的悲觀者，因?yàn)檫@樣的悲觀者才會(huì)對(duì)以后的事情做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)有詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃和安排。那樣才能有更好的結(jié)果，故D項(xiàng)正確。
B 推理判斷題。 諺語This is not rocket science中的rocket science 指困難的事情，指那些很難以理角的事物。本句話的意思是指“這很好理解，不是那么難 理解的事物”。故選B項(xiàng)正確。
A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第五、六句可知，該諺語是指那些表示謹(jǐn)慎的諺語，故選A項(xiàng)符合那些defensive pessimists 的特點(diǎn)。故A項(xiàng)正確。
C
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后三句“當(dāng)上帝關(guān)上一扇門的時(shí)候，他會(huì)為你打開另外一扇門”。但是實(shí)際上并不總是如此，說明他對(duì)待一切是很現(xiàn)實(shí)的。另由文章后幾段的內(nèi)容可知C 項(xiàng)正確。
【2024模擬題】
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
You know what it s like．You've just arrived in Toronto after a long flight, and all you really want to do is to lie down and relax in your hotel room．But first you have to make a few quick notes for tomorrow's meeting, then check your e-mails, and perhaps print out a few things．And you need to make a few local telephone calls, and one call home to your family．
And what do you usually get? Your desk is just about big enough for a cup of coffee; there's no desk lamp; the stationery （） is a couple of sheets of headed notepaper; and a pen doesn't work．Printing has to be arranged with the Reception, and when you try to use your cell phone you find that it won't work in Canada．
Well, Harmony is different．Just tell us in advance what you're going to need, and we'll see that it's waiting for you when you arrive．There will be a printer in your room if you want one, and a cell phone that really works．All you have to pay for is the calls you make．
We can also arrange a room for business meetings, and, using the very best employment agency, even supply a secretary to take minutes．All we ask is a few days' notice．
All our-rooms are of the same high standard, and we guarantee not to increase prices in the next twelve months．But book now, because we're already filling up fast, and we'd hate 1:0 disappoint you．
Harmony-the hotel you ye always wanted; but never been able to find-until now
56．The advertisement is intended for
A．a(chǎn)irline staff B．business people
C．secretaries D．tourists
57．What must the guest do if he wants a secretary?
A．Inform the hotel in advance．
．Tell the Reception on arrival．
．Call an employment agency．
D．Put up a notice in the hotel．
58, Why is it best to book now?
A．The best rooms go first．
B．Prices might increase soon．
C．It ensures high standard rooms．
D．Rooms may become unavailable．
59．What is special about Harmony︿
A．It offers telephone calls for free．
B．It provides printing at the Reception．
C．It gives high standard information services．
D．It makes arrangements to meet guests' needs．
—59BADD
閱讀理解
Alex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co., Ltd., a major Australian medicine-making company. Opened in 1992, ALRL specializes in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases．
A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager(ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield，due to open in the autumn of 2010．
Reporting to the Director，you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction．You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about and be in charge of all areas of ALRL’S Health and Safety，and to communicate (溝通)with support employees at ALRL’S laboratories based at University College London．Working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees，you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories．
Candidates(申請(qǐng)人) will have experience of both management and research support／technical services．Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessary. Education to degree level is also desirable．
If you are interested in this position，please send your CV(簡(jiǎn)歷)to Alex London Research
Laboratory，University College London，Hatfield，London，W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL@alex.co.uk．
For more Information．please visit www.alex.co.uk．
(
) 1. What can be learnt about the new laboratories from the text?
A. They have not yet been set up．
BThey are in Hatfield，Australia．
CThey belong to University College London．
DThey are new workplaces for Australian researchers only．
(
) 2. What are the duties of a ROM，according to the text?
Aa，b，c．
Ba，b，d．
Cb，c，d．
Da，c，d．
(
) 3. What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? A. The technical skills of a would—be ROM．
BThe practical experience of a would—be ROM．
CThe personal information of a would—be ROM．
DThe necessary requirements for a would—be ROM．
(
) 4. What is the purpose of the text?
ATo describe the job of a ROM．
BTo provide information about ALRL．
CTo announce an open position at ALRL．
DTo make known the opening of the new laboratories．
【語篇解讀】本篇文章為應(yīng)用性文題。提供了Alex Co., Ltd招聘一名ROM的信息，并對(duì)要招聘的職位提出了具體的要求。
．答案A
考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
解析：根據(jù)文章第二段可知新的實(shí)驗(yàn)室還未建立。
．答案C
考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
解析：依據(jù)文章第三自然段，You will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services ……;You will be expected to……be in charge of all areas of ALRL’s Health and Safety; ……you will manage a small number of research support employees ……可得答案。
3．答案D
考點(diǎn)：主旨大意題。
解析：依據(jù)第四段提供的信息，申請(qǐng)人要有管理和技術(shù)服務(wù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、研究操作的知識(shí)及極好的交際技能等可知本段主要談及對(duì)應(yīng)聘職位者的具體能力要求。
．答案C
考點(diǎn)：寫作目的題。
解析：本篇文章為廣告招聘。目的自然是讓大家了解ALRL公司有一公開招聘的職位。
Somali pirates(海盜) robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board nearly l，200 Miles off the Somali coast，the farthest-off-shore attack to date，an officer said Tuesday.
Pirates have gone farther south and east in answer to increased patrols(巡邏)by warships off the Somali shore. The robbing of the three ships Sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force，said a spokesman．
The spokesman said the attack so far out at sea was a clear sign that the international patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”.
“Once they start attacking that far out，you’re not even really talking about the Somali basin or areas of water that have any connection with Somalia,” said an officer，Roger Middleton“Once you’re that far out，it's just the Indian Ocean，and it means you’re looking at trade going from the Gulf to Asia，from Asia to South Africa.”
"This is the farthest robbing to date. They are now operating near the Maldives and India,” said another officer.
The three ships--the MV Prantalay 11，12，and l 4—had 77 members on board in total．All of them are Thai, the spokesman said. Before the Sunday robbing，pirates held l l ships and 228 sailors.
Pirates have increased attacks over the past year in hopes。f catching more dollar payments. Because of increased patrols and defenses on board ships，the success rate(率)has gone down，though the number of successful attacks has stayed the same year over year.
(
) 1. The pirate attack reported in the text happened
.
A. far out in the Indian Ocean
B. in the normal patrol area
C. near the Somali, coast
D. in the south of Africa
(
) 2. According to the text, which can best describe the situation of the pirate problems?
A. More goods on board are lost.
B. Pirate attacks happen in a larger area now.
C. The number of attacks has stayed the same these years.
D. Pirate attacks are as serious as before along the Somali coast.
(
) 3. Which is true about the warship patrols according to the text?
A. The patrols are of little effect.
B. The patrols are more difficult.
C. More patrols are quite necessary even in Asia.
D. The patrols only drive the pirates to other areas.
(
) 4. How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report?
A. 228.
B. 77.
C. 383.
D. 305.
語篇分析：本篇文章為資訊報(bào)道類文體。報(bào)道索馬里海盜周日搶劫三艘泰國(guó)漁船，并引用部分官員的話，讓讀者了解當(dāng)前的索馬里海盜的形勢(shì)。
1.答案：A
考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解
解析：由 “The robbing of the three ships Sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force…”以及 “Once you’re that far out，it's just the Indian Ocean”句意為“這次海盜襲擊發(fā)生在國(guó)際保衛(wèi)隊(duì)正常保護(hù)區(qū)域六百英里外”，“一旦你到了那么遠(yuǎn)，那就是印度洋了”可得出答案。
.答案：B
考點(diǎn)： 主旨大意
解析：文章主要報(bào)道發(fā)生在周末的對(duì)泰國(guó)漁船的襲擊，就此事引出索馬里海盜的襲擊已經(jīng)超越國(guó)際保護(hù)隊(duì)的正常護(hù)衛(wèi)范圍，而進(jìn)入更深的海域。
. 答案：B
考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解
解析：依據(jù)… patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”及 “Once you’re that far out，it's just the Indian Ocean，and it means you’re looking at trade going from the Gulf to Asia，from Asia to South Africa.”可知巡邏明顯見效，又有一旦再超過那么遠(yuǎn)，那就是印度洋，那就意味著你在看管從波斯灣到亞洲，從亞洲到南美洲的所有行線。可知應(yīng)是巡邏難度加大了。
．答案D
考點(diǎn)：推理計(jì)算題。
解析：由文章首句Somali pirates robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board……及Before the Sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.可知到發(fā)報(bào)到為止，索馬里海盜應(yīng)劫持水手77+228=305人。Lumberjack Art
When people think of an artist, they probably do not imagine a lumberjack（伐木工人）cutting down trees with a chainsaw．Yet many lumberjacks consider themselves to be artists． Instead of．patiently working on a large block of hard rock, however, lumberjack artists use chainsaws to．．carve their, masterpieces from wood．
