2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)全接觸：section 16 短文改錯(cuò)（含解析）

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　　Section 16　短文改錯(cuò)

　　解題技巧

　　一、分清錯(cuò)誤的類型，對(duì)癥下藥

　　1．缺詞

　　短文改錯(cuò)中所缺的詞常常是冠詞、介詞、代詞等虛詞，它通常與詞的搭配相關(guān)，比如：見(jiàn)in fact，as soon as等，應(yīng)考慮是否完整；還有某些短語(yǔ)加冠詞與不加冠詞意義不同，如in front of，in the front of；某些短語(yǔ)加介詞與不加介詞用法不同，如：as a result，as a result of。高考常考點(diǎn)具體如下表所示：

　　命題角度考查點(diǎn) 解題思路

　　名詞冠詞名詞前是否缺冠詞

　　動(dòng)詞介詞或代詞不及物動(dòng)詞后是否缺介詞，及物動(dòng)詞后是否缺少代詞

　　不定式不定式符號(hào)to 不定式中是否缺少了不該省略的不定式符號(hào)to

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 助動(dòng)詞be 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中是否缺少了助動(dòng)詞be

　　固定表達(dá) 習(xí)慣表達(dá)法習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中是否漏了不可缺少的詞

　　典型例題：

　　①In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.

　　答案及分析：

　　在as后加a。car是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示“有一輛汽車沖了過(guò)來(lái)”，表泛指，故要用a。

　　②For example，how many times have you walked out of a room and left the lights or television when no one else was there?

　　答案及分析：

　　在television后面加on。句意：例如，當(dāng)那里沒(méi)人的時(shí)候，有多少次你讓電燈或電視開(kāi)著就離開(kāi)了房間？leave...on表示“讓

　　③There was one in particular I’d always wanted.I put into my pocket when he wasn’t looking.

　　答案及分析：

　　在put后加it。及物動(dòng)詞put后缺少賓語(yǔ)，代替“我特別想要的那個(gè)玩具”要用it。

　　2．多詞

　　短文改錯(cuò)中多余的詞常常是虛詞，如冠詞、介詞、代詞、副詞、連詞等。一種是根據(jù)涉及的名詞、動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)等判斷是否多了冠詞、介詞、副詞或其他詞；另一種是根據(jù)全句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，判斷是否多了

　　命題角度考查點(diǎn) 解題思路

　　名詞冠詞抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指是否多了冠詞

　　動(dòng)詞介詞及物動(dòng)詞后受母語(yǔ)影響是否多了介詞

　　不定式不定式符號(hào)to 不定式是否多了應(yīng)該省略的不定式符號(hào)to

　　時(shí)間或地

　　點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 介詞時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)中是否多用了介詞

　　形容詞、

　　副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu) 形容詞、副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)中是否多了more或most

　　固定表達(dá) 習(xí)慣表達(dá)法習(xí)慣表達(dá)中是

　　典型例題：

　　①Otherwise，it is impossible for them to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.

　　答案及分析：

　　把last前的to去掉。make表示“使，讓”，后面接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，用省略to的不定式，構(gòu)成make sb do sth結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　②Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut down the use of energy in our country.

　　答案及分析：

　　把great前的a去掉或者把efforts改為effort。固定表達(dá)make an effort或者make efforts表示“努力”。

　　③I guessed，even at that age，I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again；I would always know I’d done something wrong.

　　答案及分析：

　　把enjoy后的to去掉。固定表達(dá)enjoy doing...表示“喜歡做某事”。

　　3．錯(cuò)詞

　　錯(cuò)詞是短文改錯(cuò)題中最主要的錯(cuò)誤類型，錯(cuò)詞的情況最為復(fù)雜，大致可分為虛詞選擇錯(cuò)誤，實(shí)詞用法錯(cuò)誤，同(近)義、形似詞選擇錯(cuò)誤等。但常見(jiàn)的還是搭配錯(cuò)誤與語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，特別是平時(shí)寫(xiě)作時(shí)常出的錯(cuò)誤最易為命題者所關(guān)注，對(duì)于平時(shí)常常疏忽、易出錯(cuò)的地方要精心改正，做題時(shí)更要小心仔細(xì)。高考常考點(diǎn)具體見(jiàn)前面的第二部分短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)誤類型分析。

　　二、保持

　　做題時(shí)應(yīng)遵循保持句子原意的原則，即不能隨便改變文章或作者所表達(dá)的意思，包括其語(yǔ)氣和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，只對(duì)短文中的用詞錯(cuò)誤、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤、行文邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行改正，且小改不能大改。換詞不能改意，加詞不能增意，去詞不能減意。如有多種改法，應(yīng)以保持原意為條件，擇其善者而從之。

　　典型例題：

　　①The more friends we have，the more we can learn for one another，and the more pleasure we can share together.

　　答案及分析：

　　將for改為from。固定表達(dá)learn from sb向某人學(xué)習(xí)，符合語(yǔ)境。也有同學(xué)把for改為about，learn about了解……的有關(guān)情況，但改變了原意，作者想說(shuō)的是“相互學(xué)習(xí)”，而不是“相互了解情況”。

　　②They finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our own way home.

　　答案及分析：

　　將They改為We。根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇和后面的our own way和句意可知，這里指的our改為their，但改變了原意，整篇文章敘述用的是第一人稱，如果改成their就與語(yǔ)篇的人稱不相符。

　　(2024·全國(guó))My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big，but the Restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some People even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady.

　　(2024·全國(guó)The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case, we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.

　　(2024·全國(guó)Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However，my parents didn’t seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time ，I ever felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

　　(2024·四川高考)It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.

　　Mom has a full－time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest.At dinner，we said to her，“Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving.

　　(2024·浙江高考)When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.Every time he arrived home at end of the day，we’d greet her at the door.He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.It was both excited and frightening to be up there!

　　My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.

　　(2024·全國(guó))When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，we’ll live to regret it.

　　(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ)One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.

　　(2024·浙江高考)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.On the left－h(huán)and side of the class，I could easy see the football field.In the mornings，it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.Farther in the distance，I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.

　　(2024·陜西高考)My soccer coach retired

　　in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.

　　At a party，my coach，with a biscuit in his mouth，asked surprisingly who made them and joked，“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”

　　My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!

　　(2024·四川高考)

　　Hi, Janice，

　　It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.

　　As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.It’s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.And I started to see this as a time－wasting activity! In fact，I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship.How do you think I should do? If you are me，would you talk to him?

　　Please help with me and give me some advice.

　　Grace

　　(2024·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since then－ for all these year－we had been allowing tomatoes to self－seed where they please.As result，the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully

　　tomatoes at no cost!

　　(2024·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)My dream school starts at 8：30 a．m.and ends at 3：30 p．m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didn’t need to do so many homework.Therefore，we have more time with after－school activities.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.

　　My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.

　　(2024·浙江高考)I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.

　　Before long，a train inspector comes to check our tickets.A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset.Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.

　　No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket－owner before.Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.If we could show concern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in.

　　(2024·四川高考)Hello，boys and girls！Today，I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.If you hear the alarm，stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmate.Don’t panic or get out of line，and trying to remain quiet and calmly.Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire，your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt，tell your teacher immediately.

　　(2024·陜西高考)My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.

　　One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky－they were looked like rain！We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.

　　That day I didn’t learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!

　　(2024·遼寧高考)

　　Dear Jeremy and Alice，

　　Although we’ve been delighted to have you as neighbors，we’re hoping to settle something that bothers to us.In a word，your dog－Cleo.

　　We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she’s outside.The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.Beside，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.This morning she starts barking even before 5 o’clock.That is too much for us，considering how closely the houses are.

　　We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.

　　Sincerely，

　　Jack and Rose

　　(2024·山東日照市高三第一次模擬)

　　Dear Sir/Madam，

　　I am writing to express a complaint about the Metropolitan Museum.I am visiting the museum from 2：00 to 5：00 on yesterday afternoon.I would have enjoyed a perfect afternoon unless it had not been for an unfortunate incident.

　　I was in the Chinese Painting Section with its beautiful display of world famous works while suddenly I was astonished to smell cigarette smoke.I turned back and saw a young man smoke.I looked after an attendant but none.

　　You will agree that there should an attendant in every room and that the no－smoking rule should be firm carried out.I look forward to receive your reply at your convenient and hope for the solution to the matter.

　　Yours truly，

　　Johnson

　　(2024·廣東揭陽(yáng)一中、潮州金山中學(xué)高三下第一次聯(lián)考)It is reported that thirty cellphones taken away by teachers during the examination and were smashed(粉粹) in front of students and parents at a high school.As to this，we hold a heated discussion the other day.There are two different viewpoints about them.

　　Some think it necessarily.Firstly，with cellphones，students would have focused their attention on studying instead of wasting their precious time reading junk message.Secondly，the examination will be fair if no one cheats by using cellphones.However，the others don’t think so.For one thing，at the age of information，cellphones have become a necessity.For another，students can use cellphones for study.

　　Personal speaking，even if some students use cellphones for no good reason，we should educate them more than destroy cellphones in such an extreme way.

　　(2024·廣西桂林、崇左市高三4月聯(lián)考)Never shall I forget the first English lesson giving by Miss Liu.One Monday morning，when she entered in the classroom，we found that she was a young and beautiful lady.Then she introduced herself and said I shouldn’t call her Teacher Liu but Miss Liu.Late，she let us go to the blackboard and said something about ourselves in English in turns.When it was my turn，I felt too shy that I didn’t dare to say anything before class.She went up to me and said kind，“Don’t be afraid.I believe you can do it well.” At last，I went to the blackboard.She praised me for that I had done.