2024《奪冠之路》高三一輪人教版英語(yǔ)（安徽專用）：方法技巧難點(diǎn)8　精品課件

　　難點(diǎn)(八)　“戴著面紗”的“事實(shí)”型細(xì)節(jié)理解題 該題型的難點(diǎn)在于文章提供的信息量大，考生在提取文中有效信息時(shí)容易出現(xiàn)失誤，從而誤判乃至誤選答案。

　　Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A．To find more food. B．To protect themselves better. C．To keep themselves warm.　 D．To produce their young. (2010·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，C) Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly，flies like a fat chicken，eats green leaves，has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings

　　when young.They build their homes about 4.6 m above the river，an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young.It is called the hoatzin. In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside.The head is small，with a large set of feathers on the top，bright red eyes，and blue skin.Its nearest relatives are the common birds，cuckoos.Its most striking feature，though，is only found in the young.

　　Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip.Using these four claws，together with the beak (喙)，they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done.When the young hoatzins have learned to fly，they lose their claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. When danger comes in the form of a snake or a monkey，the young hoatzins—maybe three in one family—jump over the side and into the river.They swim about under the water until it is safe to return and then，using their claws，lift themselves up through the branches and get back home.When they have learned to fly they lose their claws and escape enemies not by swimming but by flying off，in a slow and heavy way，to a neighboring tree. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　這是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹生活在南美的亞馬遜河流域的一種叫hoatzin的鳥，介紹其身體特征和生活習(xí)性。

　　1．What is the text mainly about? A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.

　　解析：　主旨大意題。本文第一段說(shuō)，在亞馬遜河流域有一種鳥，先學(xué)會(huì)游泳后學(xué)會(huì)飛翔，第二段說(shuō)它們的外表，第三段敘述這種鳥從幼鳥到學(xué)會(huì)飛翔的蛻變，第四段講述其生活特性，即在每年的12月到3月以及4月份雨季來(lái)臨時(shí)它們的生活習(xí)性。從這些敘述看，本文的主題是D，介紹這種叫hoatzin的鳥的外表和生活習(xí)性。B項(xiàng)“hoatzin的天敵與親戚”在本文沒(méi)有提到，A項(xiàng)“在雨季和干燥季節(jié)的hoatzin”；C項(xiàng)“亞馬遜的原始鳥與hoatzin”都是文章的部分內(nèi)容。 答案：　D 2．Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that________. A．they look like young cuckoos B．they have claws on the wings C．they eat a lot like a cow　 D．they live on river banks 解析：　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段說(shuō)，幼小的hoatzin在其每只翅膀的頂部邊緣有一只腳爪，而且每只翅膀的頂部末端還有一只腳爪，它們靠這四只腳爪和喙攀爬，等它們學(xué)會(huì)飛翔之后，這些腳爪就消失了。由此判斷B項(xiàng)正確，成年hoatzin與幼小的hoatzin的區(qū)別是，幼鳥在翅膀上有腳爪。 答案：　B

　　3．What can we infer about primitive birds from the text? A．They had claws to help them climb. B．They could fly long distances. C．They had four wings like hoatzins. D．They had a head with long feathers on the top. 解析：　推理判斷題。第三段說(shuō)，hoatzin的幼鳥用四只腳爪和喙在灌木叢中攀爬。由此推斷，幼鳥的腳爪是用來(lái)幫助其攀爬的。 答案：　A 4．Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A．To find more food.　

　　B．To protect themselves better. C．To keep themselves warm.　 D．To produce their young. 解析：　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一句說(shuō)，在雨季，這些鳥兒兩到七只聚集在一起，是為了“繁殖的目的”(for producing purposes)，由此判斷選D，其他選項(xiàng)的陳述在文中沒(méi)有提到。 答案：　D

　　【長(zhǎng)難句】　Using these four claws，together with the beak (喙)，they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done.使用四只腳爪，加上它們的喙，它們就能在灌木叢中到處爬行，看起來(lái)非常像原始鳥爬行的樣子。 [化難為易]　所謂細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是指文章提到了與某個(gè)試題相關(guān)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物或事件。細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般包括直接理解題和語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化題，所以破解“事實(shí)”型細(xì)節(jié)理解題就像是在揭開一層面紗。抓住文章中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其他類型試題的基礎(chǔ)。換句話說(shuō)，該類型試題大部分都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或者是轉(zhuǎn)換了說(shuō)法的句子。所以，準(zhǔn)確查找信息在閱讀理解題中非常重要，它包括理解作者在敘述某事時(shí)使用的事實(shí)性材料，其實(shí)在一篇文章里，大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細(xì)節(jié)。 做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問(wèn)題快速閱讀文章，找出與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比，找出答案。

　　難點(diǎn)(八)　“戴著面紗”的“事實(shí)”型細(xì)節(jié)理解題 該題型的難點(diǎn)在于文章提供的信息量大，考生在提取文中有效信息時(shí)容易出現(xiàn)失誤，從而誤判乃至誤選答案。

　　Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A．To find more food. B．To protect themselves better. C．To keep themselves warm.　 D．To produce their young. (2010·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，C) Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly，flies like a fat chicken，eats green leaves，has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings

　　when young.They build their homes about 4.6 m above the river，an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young.It is called the hoatzin. In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside.The head is small，with a large set of feathers on the top，bright red eyes，and blue skin.Its nearest relatives are the common birds，cuckoos.Its most striking feature，though，is only found in the young.

　　Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip.Using these four claws，together with the beak (喙)，they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done.When the young hoatzins have learned to fly，they lose their claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes. When danger comes in the form of a snake or a monkey，the young hoatzins—maybe three in one family—jump over the side and into the river.They swim about under the water until it is safe to return and then，using their claws，lift themselves up through the branches and get back home.When they have learned to fly they lose their claws and escape enemies not by swimming but by flying off，in a slow and heavy way，to a neighboring tree. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　這是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹生活在南美的亞馬遜河流域的一種叫hoatzin的鳥，介紹其身體特征和生活習(xí)性。

　　1．What is the text mainly about? A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.

　　解析：　主旨大意題。本文第一段說(shuō)，在亞馬遜河流域有一種鳥，先學(xué)會(huì)游泳后學(xué)會(huì)飛翔，第二段說(shuō)它們的外表，第三段敘述這種鳥從幼鳥到學(xué)會(huì)飛翔的蛻變，第四段講述其生活特性，即在每年的12月到3月以及4月份雨季來(lái)臨時(shí)它們的生活習(xí)性。從這些敘述看，本文的主題是D，介紹這種叫hoatzin的鳥的外表和生活習(xí)性。B項(xiàng)“hoatzin的天敵與親戚”在本文沒(méi)有提到，A項(xiàng)“在雨季和干燥季節(jié)的hoatzin”；C項(xiàng)“亞馬遜的原始鳥與hoatzin”都是文章的部分內(nèi)容。 答案：　D 2．Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that________. A．they look like young cuckoos B．they have claws on the wings C．they eat a lot like a cow　 D．they live on river banks 解析：　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段說(shuō)，幼小的hoatzin在其每只翅膀的頂部邊緣有一只腳爪，而且每只翅膀的頂部末端還有一只腳爪，它們靠這四只腳爪和喙攀爬，等它們學(xué)會(huì)飛翔之后，這些腳爪就消失了。由此判斷B項(xiàng)正確，成年hoatzin與幼小的hoatzin的區(qū)別是，幼鳥在翅膀上有腳爪。 答案：　B

　　3．What can we infer about primitive birds from the text? A．They had claws to help them climb. B．They could fly long distances. C．They had four wings like hoatzins. D．They had a head with long feathers on the top. 解析：　推理判斷題。第三段說(shuō)，hoatzin的幼鳥用四只腳爪和喙在灌木叢中攀爬。由此推斷，幼鳥的腳爪是用來(lái)幫助其攀爬的。 答案：　A 4．Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A．To find more food.　

　　B．To protect themselves better. C．To keep themselves warm.　 D．To produce their young. 解析：　事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一句說(shuō)，在雨季，這些鳥兒兩到七只聚集在一起，是為了“繁殖的目的”(for producing purposes)，由此判斷選D，其他選項(xiàng)的陳述在文中沒(méi)有提到。 答案：　D

　　【長(zhǎng)難句】　Using these four claws，together with the beak (喙)，they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done.使用四只腳爪，加上它們的喙，它們就能在灌木叢中到處爬行，看起來(lái)非常像原始鳥爬行的樣子。 [化難為易]　所謂細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是指文章提到了與某個(gè)試題相關(guān)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物或事件。細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般包括直接理解題和語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化題，所以破解“事實(shí)”型細(xì)節(jié)理解題就像是在揭開一層面紗。抓住文章中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其他類型試題的基礎(chǔ)。換句話說(shuō)，該類型試題大部分都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或者是轉(zhuǎn)換了說(shuō)法的句子。所以，準(zhǔn)確查找信息在閱讀理解題中非常重要，它包括理解作者在敘述某事時(shí)使用的事實(shí)性材料，其實(shí)在一篇文章里，大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細(xì)節(jié)。 做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問(wèn)題快速閱讀文章，找出與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比，找出答案。