2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)方案精品課件：第19講 Unit1《Helping people around the world》（牛津譯林版必修6）
【點睛】 愛爾蘭分為南愛爾蘭和北愛爾蘭兩個部分，北愛爾蘭是英國的一部分(大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國)，南愛爾蘭為愛爾蘭共和國，于1921年脫離英國，取得獨立。本文主要介紹愛爾蘭的歷史與現(xiàn)狀，特別是愛爾蘭獨立后文化的復(fù)興。 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 1．D 段落大意題。第一段的大意就是愛爾蘭的歷史及南愛爾蘭和北愛爾蘭是如何形成的。 2．A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，19世紀40年代愛爾蘭馬鈴薯真菌危機使得很多人被餓死，加之失業(yè)壓力，很多人流亡國外，使得愛爾蘭人口驟減。故A項為正確答案。 3．B 段落大意題。最后一段主要說到愛爾蘭音樂、語言、文學(xué)等與文化相關(guān)的話題，故答案為B。 4．C 主旨大意題。文章主要談?wù)搻蹱柼m的歷史與現(xiàn)狀，故選C。 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 【活學(xué)活用】
[2011·廣東卷] (節(jié)選)
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy. 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don't get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them. 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At that moment，I decided to do something I had never done in twenty－four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed. No more angry shouts and no more horns! 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to the other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn't get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意
Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don't feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don't pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we're brave when we're scared. 1．In this passage, the author advises us to ________.
A．handle problems by ourselves
B．a(chǎn)ccept help from others
C．a(chǎn)dmit our weakness
D．show our bravery 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 2．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．A Wheelchair Experience.
B．Weakness and Kindness.
C．Weakness and Strength.
D．A Driving Experience. 【點睛】 本文是一篇議論文。在動物王國弱勢會被侵略，在人類社會有時也是如此。但作者認為弱勢能顯現(xiàn)出人們的善良，并使提供幫助和被幫助的人都感到幸福。作者以自己的經(jīng)歷向人們闡述了弱勢與善良的關(guān)系。 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 1．C 主旨大意題。作者以自己的親身經(jīng)歷向人們闡述了：有時承認自己的弱勢給人們帶來好處，承認弱勢能改善人們之間的關(guān)系，使自己得到更多的幫助，讓我們看到人性的善良。故選C。 2．B 標題歸納題。由第一段…my weakness brings out the kindness in people及全篇可知。 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意
I found the car comfortable to ride in.
我覺得這種車坐著很舒服。
That makes poetry difficult to write.
那使得詩很難寫。
(4) 在be to結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式：這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表被動。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
這場火災(zāi)應(yīng)由誰來負責(zé)？
You are to blame for the accident.
你應(yīng)該為這事故受到責(zé)備。
第19講 │ 句型透視
The house is to let.
此房出租。
A lot remains to do.
還有許多事情要做。 (5) 系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些系動詞常表示被動意義。常見的有taste(吃起來), sound (聽起來), prove(證明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起來)，smell(聞起來)等。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由聽起來很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
良藥苦口。 第19講 │ 句型透視
(6) 一些與can’t(不能)或won’t(不會)連用的動詞。常用的有l(wèi)ock(鎖住)，shut(關(guān)上), open(打開)，act(上演)，write(寫)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等，用作不及物動詞時，用主動表被動。
The door won’t open.
這門打不開。
It can’t move.它不能動。
(7) 一些動詞如sell(銷售)，wash(洗)，clean(打掃)，burn(燃燒)，cook(煮)等與副詞如well(好)，easily(容易地)，perfectly(十分地)等連用，描繪事物的特性，用主動表被動，結(jié)構(gòu)是主語＋動詞＋副詞。 第19講 │ 句型透視
The book sells well.
這本書很暢銷。
These clothes wash easily.
這些衣服很容易洗。
The pen writes well.
這筆很好用。
(8) 主語much，little，what等，其表語如是不定式，則用不定式的主動表被動。
What is to do? 要做什么？
Much is to do.
有太多要做的事。
第19講 │ 句型透視
【活學(xué)活用】 I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so
good ________. A．to be breathed
B．to breathe C．breathing
D．being breathed
[解析] B 第19講 │ 句型透視
3 One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone，... 目標之一是確保每個人都能夠享用到干凈的水，…… 【句型解讀】 該句中is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone是 “be＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“按計劃或安排要發(fā)生某事”，在這里 意為“就是要……”。 【相關(guān)拓展】 “be＋不定式”的主要用法還有： (1) 表示注定或不可避免要發(fā)生某事。
第19講 │ 句型透視
(2) 表示指示、命令、要求或禁止。
Tell her she is not to be back late.
告訴她不要回家晚了。 (3) 表示應(yīng)該(意思接近should，ought to，must，have to等)。 (4) 表示可能(意思接近can，may等)。 (5)
表示打算做，經(jīng)常用在條件句中。 (6) 在含有虛擬語氣的句子中，“were to do sth.”表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)聿豢赡軐崿F(xiàn)的事情；“were to have done sth.”表示“本打算，本計劃”或“本應(yīng)當(dāng)”做的事而沒有做成或沒有發(fā)生。
We were to have seen him last Wednesday but he did not come.我們本應(yīng)該上周三就見到他，但是他沒來。 第19講 │ 句型透視
【活學(xué)活用】 In a room above the store, where a party ________， some workers were busily setting the table.
A．was to be held
B．has been held C．will be held
D．is being held
[解析] A
第19講 │ 句型透視
第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．After she retired, she did a lot of ________ (志愿的) work for the Red Cross. 2．Is that c_______
large enough to hold all the books? 3．The story r_______
me of an experience I once had. 4．It is raining outside and the poor man can’t find a _______ (躲雨之處)． 5．Since the 1990s, the Project Hope has helped many children in the ______ (偏遠的) villages. voluntary ontainer
eminds shelter
remote
Ⅱ.選詞填空
in addition， draw someone’s attention to， under the umbrella of， if only， in chaos， get hold of， make a difference， in poverty， take on， provide for 1．The sea air has ________________ to her health. 2．The two departments combined ___________________ the new government. 3．The woman had to work hard to __________ her five children. 4．Don’t _______ too much work－the extra cash isn’t worth it. 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
made a difference under the umbrella of provide for take on 5．I’ve been trying to __________ her for days but she’s never at home. 6．The house was left _______ by the thieves. 7．The great singer ended his days _________. 8.
______ she’d listen to what he’s saying, I’m sure they could work it out. 9.
_____________ an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil. 10．He sat at one of the round tables and tried to
___________________ him. 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
get hold of in chaos in poverty If only In addition to draw her attention to Ⅲ.單項填空 1．In his opinion，that park，though relatively small，is easy
________.
A．to deal with B．to be dealt with
C．dealt with
D．dealing with
[解析] A 考查不定式主動表被動。在某些形容詞后經(jīng)常用不定式的主動形式表被動，此時，不定式動作和句子的主語存在動賓關(guān)系。又如：The apartment is comfortable to live in.
第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
2．—How about your journey to Mount Emei?
—Everything was wonderful except that our car ________
twice on the way.
A．slowed down
B．broke down
C．got down
D．put down
[解析] B 考查動詞短語的區(qū)別。答語的意思是：“一切都很順利，除了我們的汽車在途中拋錨了兩次。”break down“拋錨”；slow down“慢下來”；get down“記下，寫下”；put down“撲滅”。所以該題的答案為B。 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
3．________
not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A．Reminding
B．Reminded
C．To remind
D．Having reminded
[解析] B 考查非謂語動詞。the manager與remind為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
4．It was foolish of him to
________
his notes during such an important test, and as a result, he got punished.
A．point to
B．keep to
C．stick to
D．refer to
[解析] D 考查動詞短語的區(qū)別。refer to his notes意為“查閱一下他的筆記”。 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
5．The new airport is built close to the freeway, and it is ________
by Bus No. 2.
A．a(chǎn)ccessible
B．a(chǎn)vailable
C．a(chǎn)lternative
D．a(chǎn)bundant
[解析] A 考查形容詞辨析。accessible“可接近的，可到達的”；available“可得到的”；alternative“可替代的”；abundant“豐富的”。應(yīng)選A，即2路公交車可以到達那個新建的機場。 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
6．Although the wind has ________， the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
A．turned up
B．gone back
C．died down
D．blown out
[解析] C die down意為“平息”； turn up意為“出現(xiàn)，到來”； go back意為“回來”； blow out意為“吹滅”，因此選C。句意為：雖然風(fēng)停了，但是雨還在下，因此你還是要帶上雨衣。 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
7．—Yangyang carried off the first winter Olympic ________
medal for China.
—Great! What ________
she won for our motherland!
A．golden; honour
B．gold; honor
C．golden; honors
D．gold; honorable
[解析] B 根據(jù)句意可以知道，第一空“金牌”意思為“含金之物”，應(yīng)用gold作定語，而golden 為比喻性形容詞，意思為“金色的”。如golden rice金黃色的稻子；第二空 honor 在此意思為“榮譽，光榮”，是不可數(shù)名詞。故答案為B。 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
8．Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________
of exercise.
A．limit
B．lack
C．need
D．demand
[解析] B 句意為：健康問題與不良的飲食習(xí)慣和缺乏運動息息相關(guān)。由此判斷選B。 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
9．Facing the economic depression, every possible means
________
this year to save the company from going bankrupt.
A．has been tried
B．has tried
C．have been tried
D．have tried
[解析] A 考查主謂語一致。根據(jù)means前的修飾語every可知此處means為名詞單數(shù)形式，故助動詞用has。 第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
10．A representative raised a question at yesterday’s meeting, which is
________
.
A．worthy of considering
B．worthy being considered
C．worthy of consideration
D．worthy to consider
[解析] C 考查worthy的用法。be worthy of＋n. / being done / be worthy to be done為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“值得做某事”。
第19講 │ 跟蹤訓(xùn)練
閱讀寫作(十八)
閱讀理解技法指導(dǎo)之主旨大意 閱讀寫作(十八)[閱讀理解技法指導(dǎo)之主旨大意]
閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 重視主旨大意 每篇文章都會有一個主旨要義。主旨要義型題目范圍一般包括：短文標題、主題大意或段落大意等。此題型要求考生在理解文章后歸納文章要點，概括中心思想。考生需要分析文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住文章的開頭或結(jié)尾，從而找出能概括文章的主題句。主題句的特點：1.語言特點：歸納性、概括性、抽象性；2.位置特點：主題句常出現(xiàn)在“總結(jié)性”語言的“信號詞”后，如：in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等；主題句常出現(xiàn)在“轉(zhuǎn)移話題式”語言的“信號詞”后，如：but, however, nevertheless, hence等。標題的語言特點：獨特新穎、概括性強、短小精悍。 一、主旨大意主要的設(shè)題方式有： 1．Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? 2．The best headline for this newspaper article is . 3．What is the topic of the text? 4．The text is mainly about . 5．What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? 6．What would be the best title for the text? 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 二、主旨大意題主要的解題策略有： 1．抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨。找準主題句是關(guān)鍵。主題句通常在文章開頭，而主題句有可能在一段的開頭，也有可能在中間或末尾。在很多情況下，主題句如果在段首，其后可能有for example，first，second等信息詞。主題句如果在段末，其前可能有above all，all in all等信息詞。利用這些信息詞，可幫助你迅速找到主題句。一般來說，文章前三句所提供的信息能夠讓讀者了解其大致內(nèi)容，而讀懂每段的第一句話則有助于掌握本段的主要內(nèi)容。這樣做的目的不僅在于可以迅速地把握全段的大意，更重要的是，在時間緊迫的情況下，可以對一段話進行縮讀、略讀和掃讀。 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 2．抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過于寬泛，要恰如其分。 3．抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章中心。 分析的方法是：先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 例
[2011·安徽卷]
Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years，the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921，the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland，in the north，is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south，is an independent country. 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 In the 1840s the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA，the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851. For many years，the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside，where things move at a quieter and slower pace. 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 The Irish are famous for being warm－h(huán)earted and friendly. Oscar Wilde，a famous Irish writer，once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”．Since independence，Ireland has revived (復(fù)興) its own culture of music，language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc. 閱讀寫作(十八) │ 重視主旨大意 1．What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?
