2024屆高考英語考前沖刺：基礎(chǔ)知識點總結(jié)
2024屆高考英語考前沖刺基礎(chǔ)知識點總結(jié)
a great/good many: a large number of許多。修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
I’m quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙，我有很多事要做。
of .
①A great many of the books have been sold out. 已經(jīng)賣了很多書了。
A great many of them are out of work.他們很多人失業(yè)了。
able(可以的，有能力的，可能的)
He is an able man.那人本事不小。
enable(v)使……能
We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我們要多學(xué)知識以便能面對各種困難。
disable:有殘疾的，不能干的；the disabled表示一類人（殘疾人）
able作詞輟時
eatable可食用的，measurable可以測量、估計的；readable可讀的
conformable舒適的、安逸的；suitable 合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
above,over,on
On表示與某物體表面接觸；over表示在某物體垂直的上方，含“布滿、覆蓋、跨越”之意，與under 相對；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，與below相對。注意：與數(shù)字、數(shù)量、長度詞連用時，多用over,同more than。如：over10,000people一萬多人；表示年齡、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十開外的人；above zero零度以上。
well above average遠在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一個；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那邊； all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and over再三地
[應(yīng)用]介詞填空
There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it.
②The mother held an umbrella______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him.
③ There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city.
④The moon was______the trees in the east.
Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above
above all 首先，特別是，最重要的是
after all 到底，畢竟
at all (用來加強語氣)與not連用，表示“一點也不，完全不”。
in all
總共
all but 幾乎，差點沒（=almost,nearly）
We have all but finished the work.
②The day turned out fine after all.
③Children need many things ,but above all they need love.
④He wasn’t at all tired.
⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的，確實)？
There were twenty in all at the party.
accident/event/ incident
event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然發(fā)生的事故，特別是不幸的、有損害性的事故。incident相對于accident來說，顯得不很重要，指“小事件”，它還可以用來表示“事變”，如叛亂、爆炸等。如：
The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.廣播員正在播報時事資訊。
He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中，他嚴(yán)重受傷。
There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那輛公共汽車上發(fā)生了一件事，有個人和售票員打了起來。
Have you heard of Xi’an Incident?你聽說過“西安事變”嗎？
admit vt.①接納，許可……進入（allow sb./sth.to enter）
He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.
②承認，后可接名詞，doing、從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was weak.You must admit the task to be difficult.
advice建議；勸告。是不可數(shù)名詞，“一條建議”應(yīng)用a piece of advice。常用結(jié)構(gòu)。
give sb.advice(on)/give advice給某人提（關(guān)于……的）建議；忠告某人。
ask(sb.)for advice征求（某人的）意見。
Marx gave us some good advice on how to learn a foreign language.關(guān)于如何學(xué)好外語，馬克思給我們提了些好建議。
If you take /follow my advice,you’ll pass the exam.如果你聽從我的建議，你會考試及格的。
Let’s ask our teacher for some advice.咱們征求一下老師的意見吧。
admire（= respect / praise）vt.羨慕，欽佩，夸獎
admire sb.（for sth.）佩服某人某事
Visitors to Beijing greatly admire our Palace Museum.
去北京的游人極其羨慕我們的故宮。
I admire him for his wisdom.我佩服他的智慧。
別忘了夸獎孩子。
對比：envy（= jealous）vt.嫉妨，羨慕
envy sb.（sth.）嫉妒/羨慕某人某事
We all envy you your good future.
我們都很羨慕你的好運。
advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事（suggest不這樣用）。
I advise you to take the chance.我建議你抓住機會。
What do you advise me to do?你建議我怎么辦？
I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我勸你不要灰心，繼續(xù)干。
advise 還可同suggest一樣，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞（短語）和that從句（用虛擬語氣）作賓語。
What would you advise?你有什么建議嗎？
I advise you an early start我建議你早點出發(fā)。
I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建議召開一次會議來討論這個問題。
I advise you (should) go to once.我建議你馬上去。
advise ，persuade
persuade sb. to do sth.意為“說服某人做某事”，強調(diào)勸說成功，說服；advise sb. to do sth. 意為“勸說某人做某事”，不涉及勸說是否有效，相當(dāng)于try to persuade sb. to do sth.。如：
The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.醫(yī)生說服我爸爸戒了煙。
The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed.
醫(yī)生勸我爸爸戒煙，但沒成功。
advise; suggest
advise 與suggest 都可作“建議”講，二者用法有同有異。
(1)相同點
advise與suggest都可采用下列三種句型:
+ 名詞
+ 動名詞
+ that從句（從句中常用should加動詞原形，should可以省略。）
eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.
He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.
He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.
(注：只要是用從句表示建議該做的事，從句中就可用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。)上面的第三句可轉(zhuǎn)化為：
It was suggested that we (should) start early.
What he suggested was that we(should) start early.
His suggestion was that we (should) start early.
(2)不同點
advise后可以跟人稱代詞作賓語，而suggest后不可以跟人稱代詞作賓語。故可以說：
advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that...
advise改為suggest，如：
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.
[誤]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.
[誤]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.
suggest還有“暗示、表明、說、指出（一個事實）”的意思。此時從句中用陳述語氣，不用虛擬語氣。如：
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陳述了一個事實，故用陳述語氣。)比較：
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建議該做某事，從句中用should加動詞原形，should在從句中省略。)
affect（=have an effect on sth.）vt.影響（effect n.影響）
This may affect your health.
這或許會影響你的健康。
My throat is always affected by bad weather.
afraid
1)“be afraid of+名詞”，意為“害怕”。
2）“be afraid of doing sth”意為“擔(dān)心，害怕……”。
3）“be afraid for…”意為“為……擔(dān)心。”
4）“be afraid that…”意為“擔(dān)心，恐怕”。
5）“be afraid to do ”意為“害怕，擔(dān)心而不敢做某事”。
6）I’m afraid so/not.恐怕是這樣/恐怕不會這樣
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
Girls are usually______ _____snakes.
②他怕把杯子打碎，因而很小心。
He was careful because he was afraid______ _____the glass.
③你不為自己的安全擔(dān)心嗎？
Are you afraid_______your safety?
④恐怕她會迷路。
I am _____
_____she will lose her way.
⑤湯姆把錢丟了，也不敢告訴他母親。
Tom lost the money and was afraid________ ______his mother.
Key:①afraid,of ②of,breaking ③for ④afraid,that ⑤to tell
again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地
The old man thinks of his happy past again and again.
這位老人再三地想起他幸福的過去。
age
(1)n.年齡，時代，時期
The old man died at the age of 80/when he was 80 years of age/when he was 80 years old.
那位老人80歲時去世了。
He is young for his age.
就他的年齡而論，他是年輕的。
What is the age of the church?
這座教堂多少年了？
He was the greatest poet of the age.
他是那個時代最偉大的詩人。
(2)vi./vt. 變老
He is aging fast. Worry ages a man.
他老得很快。憂慮令人老！
I found him greatly aged.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他老多了。
拓展：（1）adj. aged……歲的，年老的
a boy aged ten 一個10歲的男孩
an aged man老人
(2)人生的七期
baby→infant→child→youth→manhood→middle age→old age
嬰兒/0→幼兒7→兒童12→青年28→壯年40→中年65→老年
agree 同意。常用桔構(gòu)：
(1)agree on 對……取得一致意見或達成協(xié)議,一般表示原雙方共同商討以后達成協(xié)議的名詞)。主語必須是兩者以上。也常用被動語態(tài)，表示“（某事）是大家都同意的”。
如：
They agreed on the date for the next meeting.對下次會議的日期他們達成了一致意見。
At last,the plan was agreed on. 最后，這項計劃通過了。
I don’t agree with you to this arrangement, but perhaps, after a discussion we will agree on this project.我不贊同你在這件事的安排，但或許在協(xié)商之后我們可以就這個工程達成共識。
(2)agree to 同意；贊成。to 為介詞，后接表示“建議；辦法；計劃”等名詞。
Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的計劃嗎？
The headmaster has agreed to our suggestion for the holiday.校長同意了我們度假的建議。
(3)agree with同意；贊成。后接sb. 或what 從句。
I agree with you ,but I don’t agree with what he said.我同意你的意見，但我不同意他所說的。另外，agree with還有“與……相適應(yīng)/相一致”的意思。
The climate here doesn’t agree with me .我不適應(yīng)這里的氣候。
(4)agree to do sth.同意、答應(yīng)做某事。
Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money?如果我們答應(yīng)借錢給你，你同意和我們一起去嗎？
ahead短語歸納
go ahead朝前走，請便（同意對方繼續(xù)干或同意對方的請求）；go ahead (on)with… 繼續(xù)；ahead of在……前面，早于，優(yōu)先；ahead of time提前
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
He ________ ________ to see what had happened.
②我可以坐這個座位嗎？請坐吧。
May I take this seat?________ _______.
③湯姆的數(shù)學(xué)比瑪麗好。
Tom is ________ _______ Mary in maths.
④她比我早到2個小時。
She arrived two hours _______ _______me.
They have completed the design ________ _______ ________ _______time.
Key:①went,ahead ②Go,ahead
③/ ④ahead,of
⑤three,weeks,ahead,of
alive,living,live,lively,lovely區(qū)別
1)lovely意“可愛的”，“美好的”如：
a lovely day 美好的一天
a
lovely girl 可愛的女孩
2)alive 意為“活著的、有活力的”,是表語形容詞，可修飾人、物；
He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往醫(yī)院時還活著。
Although he is old, he is still very much alive.
The fish is still alive/living.那條魚還活著。
Keep him alive, please.請讓他活下去吧。
He is the only man alive in the accident.他是事故中惟一活著的人。
After the war , he remained alive .戰(zhàn)后他還活著。
Those alive will gather here. 活著的人將在此相聚。
3)living 意為“活著的、有生命的”，主要用于作前置定語及冠詞the 之后表示一類人，也可用作表語，可修飾人或物。如：
a living plant
活的植物
The living will go on with the work of the dead.活著的人將繼續(xù)死者的工作。
all living things所有生物 the living 在世者，活著的人們
Latin is not a living language. 拉丁語不是現(xiàn)代使用的語言。
He is still living at the age of 95.95歲了他還活著。
4)live [laiv]
1）（動、植物）“活的”，“有生命的”，“活生生的，主要用來說鳥或其它動物，作前置定語；如：a live fish一條活魚 a live tiger
一只活老虎
(2)實況的，現(xiàn)場直播的；如：a live report現(xiàn)場報道a live show/broadcast/TV program現(xiàn)場轉(zhuǎn)播的表演/實況廣播/現(xiàn)場直播的電視節(jié)目
living有精神的，活潑的，快活的，輕快的
Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.
93歲了，仍然健在。
5)lively 意為“活潑的”，“有生氣的”, 生動的
“生動的”，可用作表語、定語，指人或物。如：
a lively child
活潑的孩子
a lively discription
生動的描述如：
a lively mind 活躍的頭腦
a lively discussion 熱烈的討論a way of making one’s classes lively
使課堂生動的方法
He told a lively story about his life in Africa.
他講述了一個有關(guān)他的非洲生活的一個生動故事。
