奇葩，美國(guó)歷史上的九條女性禁令
美國(guó)歷史上針對(duì)女性的9條奇葩禁令雙語中文英語少吃一包薯片，你就是學(xué)霸!
Although men and women now enjoy relatively good social, economic and political parity in this country, it wasn’t always the case. Believe it or not, these were all real things that women could not do.
雖然美國(guó)現(xiàn)在男人和女人的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治地位近乎平等，但歷史上并不總是如此。信不信由你，下面這些就是歷史上女性曾經(jīng)被禁止做的事情。
1. Wear Revealing Swimsuits
不準(zhǔn)穿過于暴露的泳裝
During the 1920s, beachgoing women were expected to adhere to strict guidelines about how much skin they could reveal. There were actually law enforcement details whose sole responsibility was measuring women’s suits with measuring tapes. Infractions could be punished with arrest.
20世紀(jì)20年代，前往沙灘的女性被要求遵守嚴(yán)格規(guī)則，皮膚的裸露面積不得超過一定值。實(shí)際上，有些執(zhí)法人員的唯一指責(zé)就是用卷尺測(cè)量女性的泳裝，違法人員可能會(huì)被逮捕。
2. Run in the Boston Marathon
不準(zhǔn)參加波士頓馬拉松
Up until 1972, women were barred from running in the Boston Marathon. Roberta Gibb wasn’t about to wait, though. In 1966 she insisted on running uninvited and unregistered. The next year, a woman named Katherine Switzer signed up as “K.V. Switzer” and was issued a number. She was greeted by a number of angry men, including Jock Semple, a race official who chased her, tried to rip off her number and (unsuccessfully) attempted to bully her off the track.
1972年以前，女性被禁止參加波士頓馬拉松。1966年，Roberta Gibb堅(jiān)持在未獲邀約、未登記的情況下參加了長(zhǎng)跑。第二年，一位名為Katherine Switzer的女性用“K.V.Switzer”之名進(jìn)行登記，并獲得了一個(gè)號(hào)碼。許多男人對(duì)她表示憤怒，其中包括比賽的官方人員Jock Semple——他詛咒她，試圖扯掉她的號(hào)碼，企圖恐嚇?biāo)x開跑道。
3. Have Credit Cards
不準(zhǔn)擁有信用卡
Not until the Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 were women allowed to have credit cards without male supervision. Before then, single women were often (completely legally) refused credit cards, which were reserved for married women who had their husbands as cosigners on their accounts.
直到1974年美國(guó)通過了《平等信用機(jī)會(huì)法》，女性才被允許在沒有男性監(jiān)護(hù)人的情況下獲得信用卡。在此之前，單身女性通常被(合法地)拒絕發(fā)放信用卡，只有已婚女性才能在丈夫作為賬戶連署人的情況下?lián)碛行庞每ā?/p>
4. Work While Pregnant
不準(zhǔn)懷孕期間工作
It used to be legal for employers to fire female workers after they became pregnant. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act put an end to this practice in 1978. Before then, it was extremely common for companies to fire the pregnant. It is estimated that up to forty percent of employers adhered to the practice.
曾經(jīng)，雇傭懷孕女性是違法的。知道1978年，《懷孕歧視法案》才終止了這一行為。此前，企業(yè)開除懷孕員工再正常不過了——據(jù)估計(jì)，大約有40%的雇主堅(jiān)持如此。
5. Become Astronauts
不準(zhǔn)成為宇航員
NASA did not hire female applicants to train as astronauts until 1979. It wasn’t until the 1983 Challenger mission that Sally Ride became the first female astronaut to enter space.
直到1979年，NASA才開始接受女性進(jìn)行宇航員訓(xùn)練。1983年，Sally Ride成為第一個(gè)進(jìn)入太空的女性宇航員。
美國(guó)歷史上針對(duì)女性的9條奇葩禁令雙語中文英語少吃一包薯片，你就是學(xué)霸!
Although men and women now enjoy relatively good social, economic and political parity in this country, it wasn’t always the case. Believe it or not, these were all real things that women could not do.
雖然美國(guó)現(xiàn)在男人和女人的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治地位近乎平等，但歷史上并不總是如此。信不信由你，下面這些就是歷史上女性曾經(jīng)被禁止做的事情。
1. Wear Revealing Swimsuits
不準(zhǔn)穿過于暴露的泳裝
During the 1920s, beachgoing women were expected to adhere to strict guidelines about how much skin they could reveal. There were actually law enforcement details whose sole responsibility was measuring women’s suits with measuring tapes. Infractions could be punished with arrest.
20世紀(jì)20年代，前往沙灘的女性被要求遵守嚴(yán)格規(guī)則，皮膚的裸露面積不得超過一定值。實(shí)際上，有些執(zhí)法人員的唯一指責(zé)就是用卷尺測(cè)量女性的泳裝，違法人員可能會(huì)被逮捕。
2. Run in the Boston Marathon
不準(zhǔn)參加波士頓馬拉松
Up until 1972, women were barred from running in the Boston Marathon. Roberta Gibb wasn’t about to wait, though. In 1966 she insisted on running uninvited and unregistered. The next year, a woman named Katherine Switzer signed up as “K.V. Switzer” and was issued a number. She was greeted by a number of angry men, including Jock Semple, a race official who chased her, tried to rip off her number and (unsuccessfully) attempted to bully her off the track.
1972年以前，女性被禁止參加波士頓馬拉松。1966年，Roberta Gibb堅(jiān)持在未獲邀約、未登記的情況下參加了長(zhǎng)跑。第二年，一位名為Katherine Switzer的女性用“K.V.Switzer”之名進(jìn)行登記，并獲得了一個(gè)號(hào)碼。許多男人對(duì)她表示憤怒，其中包括比賽的官方人員Jock Semple——他詛咒她，試圖扯掉她的號(hào)碼，企圖恐嚇?biāo)x開跑道。
3. Have Credit Cards
不準(zhǔn)擁有信用卡
Not until the Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 were women allowed to have credit cards without male supervision. Before then, single women were often (completely legally) refused credit cards, which were reserved for married women who had their husbands as cosigners on their accounts.
直到1974年美國(guó)通過了《平等信用機(jī)會(huì)法》，女性才被允許在沒有男性監(jiān)護(hù)人的情況下獲得信用卡。在此之前，單身女性通常被(合法地)拒絕發(fā)放信用卡，只有已婚女性才能在丈夫作為賬戶連署人的情況下?lián)碛行庞每ā?/p>
4. Work While Pregnant
不準(zhǔn)懷孕期間工作
It used to be legal for employers to fire female workers after they became pregnant. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act put an end to this practice in 1978. Before then, it was extremely common for companies to fire the pregnant. It is estimated that up to forty percent of employers adhered to the practice.
曾經(jīng)，雇傭懷孕女性是違法的。知道1978年，《懷孕歧視法案》才終止了這一行為。此前，企業(yè)開除懷孕員工再正常不過了——據(jù)估計(jì)，大約有40%的雇主堅(jiān)持如此。
5. Become Astronauts
不準(zhǔn)成為宇航員
NASA did not hire female applicants to train as astronauts until 1979. It wasn’t until the 1983 Challenger mission that Sally Ride became the first female astronaut to enter space.
直到1979年，NASA才開始接受女性進(jìn)行宇航員訓(xùn)練。1983年，Sally Ride成為第一個(gè)進(jìn)入太空的女性宇航員。
