破解考研英語2500障礙詞
Waiter, do you serve lobster here?
We serve anyone; take a seat, please.
這個笑話發(fā)生在飯店，顯然服務(wù)員與客人之間發(fā)生了誤會，而誤會的根源就在serve這個詞上。客人所用的serve的意思是供應(yīng)，有沒有菜，而服務(wù)員所用的serve的意思是為提供服務(wù)。
無論是英文單詞還是漢語詞語大部分詞都不會一個詞只有一個意思，絕大部分的詞都至少有兩個或是更多的意思。所以在復(fù)習(xí)單詞時不能只記住一個單詞大致的一到兩個詞義而把其它的忽略不記，造成了只知其一，不知其二的局面。這樣導(dǎo)致無法準(zhǔn)確理解該詞在句子中的意思，做起題來自然要出錯。
本書第三章詞義關(guān)聯(lián)的多義詞不僅列出了單詞的各種義項(xiàng)，還在分析考研真題的基礎(chǔ)上標(biāo)出了哪些義項(xiàng)是已經(jīng)熟悉的，哪些是不太熟悉而且是難點(diǎn)的，幫助考生避輕就重，對于熟悉的內(nèi)容可以少花時間，對于難點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容多下苦功。另外，通過【點(diǎn)睛】幫助學(xué)生學(xué)會如何發(fā)現(xiàn)詞義間的聯(lián)系，學(xué)會聯(lián)想。后面的各個單詞就由考生自己按自己的辦法聯(lián)想記憶。記憶單詞的多個詞義也不是一味的死記硬背，而是要注意一個詞各詞義之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，因?yàn)橐粋€詞的多個詞義往往有千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系，而且多個詞義是不斷衍生出來的，所以發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)聯(lián)，加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，是記憶單詞各種意思的好辦法。
abnormal
adj. 1.反常的
Abnormal human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset the delicate chemical balance in the brain. 食用能打破大腦微妙化學(xué)平衡的東西可能會引起人類的異常行為。
2.不規(guī)則的，無規(guī)律的abnormal bleeding 異常出血
【點(diǎn)睛】與此義相近的還有irregular意思是不規(guī)則的，無規(guī)律的，由regular加上表否定義的前綴ir派生而來。
【擴(kuò)展】abnormality n.反常
It is not known whether the cancer and chromosomal abnormalityare independent events or whether one is the result of the other.
abroad
【點(diǎn)睛】注意與aboard區(qū)別，兩個詞拼寫很相似，aboard的意思是在車、船、飛機(jī)上。
adv. 【常見詞義】到國外, 在國外
Chinas nouveau richeare spending their holidays abroad in ever increasing numbers.越來越多中國的有錢人到國外度假。
They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well.無論是在本地，全國亦或國外，只要在商店、飯店使用就自動給卡的主人增加信用分，同時還提供很多銀行服務(wù)。
Her parents often take trips abroad, leaving her all alone in their big house. 她父母經(jīng)常去國外旅游，把她一個人留在大房子里。
Economic crises in financial capitals abroad will inevitably follow the recent troubles on Wall Street.。國外的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)必然會隨著華爾街近期的金融問題而至。
【較難詞義】[正式]四下流傳中
The king wanted me to keep the secret that his wife was disloyalto him, so I would never let it be spread abroad.
abrupt
【點(diǎn)睛】這個詞的第一個意思很熟悉，但是第二、三個意思卻是考研的難點(diǎn)。如果一個人言談行為比較唐突，別人可能覺得他很粗魯。一個很突兀的山坡自然是陡坡了。
adj.【常見詞義】突然的
Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts.過渡部分應(yīng)該承上啟下，這樣才不會使文章有突兀的或令人費(fèi)解的變化。
【較難詞義】1.粗魯?shù)?/p>
He is a very fine man even though hes sometimes abrupt in manner.
2.陡峭的 an abrupt descent陡坡
【擴(kuò)展】abruption n.突然的斷裂 total abruption of all relations徹底斷絕所有關(guān)系
absorb
v.吸引
The students are absorbed in their studies for the big math exam.
People are absorbed into a culture of consumption launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.人們被19世紀(jì)的商店發(fā)起的消費(fèi)文化所吸引。這些商店環(huán)境優(yōu)雅，商品琳瑯滿目。
【較難詞義】占去
His new girlfriend absorbs most of his time and we rarely see him anymore these days.
3.忍受
The young couple, Tom and his wife, couldnt absorb the additional financial hardships of living alone and had to move back home with Toms parents.
Families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.
【擴(kuò)展】
absorption n.吸收
absorbent adj.能吸收的 be as absorbent as a sea sponge
absorbing adj.吸引人的 General introduction classes such as these will be of absorbing interest to a larger, more diverse audience; specialists on the topic, however, may be bored by these classes. 像這樣的概論課程將吸引眾多形形色色的聽眾，而研究該題目的專家可能會對這類課程感到厭煩。
【搭配】be absorbed in 專心于
He is often absorbed in business, although he is also periodicallydistracted by his pretty young secretary.
academic
adj. 【常見詞義】學(xué)術(shù)的
academic freedom 學(xué)術(shù)自由
the academic world 學(xué)術(shù)界
Mr. McWhorters academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of whom, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.麥克沃特先生的學(xué)術(shù)研究專業(yè)是語言的歷史與變化。他認(rèn)為，例如whom逐漸消失是自然而然的事情，并不比古英語中其他詞語的消失更令人惋惜。
【較難詞義】不實(shí)際的，不實(shí)用的
Well, I have no money so the question of what kind of car I want to buy is purely academic.
acceleration
n. 1. 加速，加快
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.從中產(chǎn)階層家庭的角度來看，不難理解，這看上去不像一種承擔(dān)更多經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任的機(jī)會，而更像是大規(guī)模地把經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到他們早已負(fù)擔(dān)沉重的肩膀上。這種情況實(shí)在令人恐懼。
2.加速性能 I want to buy a car with excellent acceleration.
3.加速度
accessory
n. 1.附件
【點(diǎn)睛】accessory指的是某主要物品的配件或配套設(shè)備，如電腦配件：extention cord, mouse, keyboard等;服裝的配套品：scarf, glove等。
【搭配】accessory to 附屬
Environmentalists believe that nature is not accessory to man and therefore plants and animals should be treated with the same dignity we afford each other. 環(huán)境主義者認(rèn)為，自然界不是人類的附屬品，所以我們應(yīng)該像對待同伴那樣對待動植物，給予它們同樣的尊嚴(yán)。
2.從犯, 同謀者
The celebrity was charged with accessory to murder but was acquitted after a long and controversial trial.
accommodate
【常見詞義】v.1.使適應(yīng)
If you enter a dark room from the outside brightness, your eyes will have to take a while to accommodate to the darkness.
2.容納
The small town banquet hall is not large enough to accommodate a large international gathering of the kind you are discussing. 小鎮(zhèn)的宴會廳容納不下你所說的這類大型國際聚會。
【較難詞義】v.1.提供食宿，安排住宿
The small island accommodates the fishermen who get lost on the sea.
2.遷就，照顧的意見、需要等
【點(diǎn)睛】此義是個難點(diǎn)，指設(shè)法滿足或達(dá)到某人的要求，即to make an extra effort to do what sb. asks
Accommodating the special needs of migrant workers is an important duty of local governments.
照顧農(nóng)民工的特殊需求是地方政府的重要職責(zé)。
【詞匯擴(kuò)展】
accommodation n.調(diào)整;住宿，膳宿
Students from other parts of China can find accommodations through the New Oriental School in Beijing. 外地學(xué)生可以在北京的學(xué)校住宿。
accommodating adj.與人方便的，樂于助人的
accord
【常見詞義】v.使符合，相符和
【點(diǎn)睛】經(jīng)常與with搭配使用，即accord with
His lack of fluency in English does not accord with my expectations of one who has just returned from studies at Cambridge.
【較難詞義】v.授予，贈與
An honorary title should be accorded only to one who has a proven track record of accomplishment. 榮譽(yù)稱號應(yīng)只授予有成就證明記錄的人。
【常用搭配】in accord with 與相一致
I like my daughters new boyfriend; I am in accord with all the opinions he expressed at dinner.
【擴(kuò)展】 accordance n. 1.一致
2.授予，賦予 the accordance of rights and privileges 權(quán)利和特權(quán)的賦予
Waiter, do you serve lobster here?
We serve anyone; take a seat, please.
這個笑話發(fā)生在飯店，顯然服務(wù)員與客人之間發(fā)生了誤會，而誤會的根源就在serve這個詞上。客人所用的serve的意思是供應(yīng)，有沒有菜，而服務(wù)員所用的serve的意思是為提供服務(wù)。
無論是英文單詞還是漢語詞語大部分詞都不會一個詞只有一個意思，絕大部分的詞都至少有兩個或是更多的意思。所以在復(fù)習(xí)單詞時不能只記住一個單詞大致的一到兩個詞義而把其它的忽略不記，造成了只知其一，不知其二的局面。這樣導(dǎo)致無法準(zhǔn)確理解該詞在句子中的意思，做起題來自然要出錯。
本書第三章詞義關(guān)聯(lián)的多義詞不僅列出了單詞的各種義項(xiàng)，還在分析考研真題的基礎(chǔ)上標(biāo)出了哪些義項(xiàng)是已經(jīng)熟悉的，哪些是不太熟悉而且是難點(diǎn)的，幫助考生避輕就重，對于熟悉的內(nèi)容可以少花時間，對于難點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容多下苦功。另外，通過【點(diǎn)睛】幫助學(xué)生學(xué)會如何發(fā)現(xiàn)詞義間的聯(lián)系，學(xué)會聯(lián)想。后面的各個單詞就由考生自己按自己的辦法聯(lián)想記憶。記憶單詞的多個詞義也不是一味的死記硬背，而是要注意一個詞各詞義之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，因?yàn)橐粋€詞的多個詞義往往有千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系，而且多個詞義是不斷衍生出來的，所以發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)聯(lián)，加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，是記憶單詞各種意思的好辦法。
abnormal
adj. 1.反常的
Abnormal human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset the delicate chemical balance in the brain. 食用能打破大腦微妙化學(xué)平衡的東西可能會引起人類的異常行為。
2.不規(guī)則的，無規(guī)律的abnormal bleeding 異常出血
【點(diǎn)睛】與此義相近的還有irregular意思是不規(guī)則的，無規(guī)律的，由regular加上表否定義的前綴ir派生而來。
【擴(kuò)展】abnormality n.反常
It is not known whether the cancer and chromosomal abnormalityare independent events or whether one is the result of the other.
abroad
【點(diǎn)睛】注意與aboard區(qū)別，兩個詞拼寫很相似，aboard的意思是在車、船、飛機(jī)上。
adv. 【常見詞義】到國外, 在國外
Chinas nouveau richeare spending their holidays abroad in ever increasing numbers.越來越多中國的有錢人到國外度假。
They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well.無論是在本地，全國亦或國外，只要在商店、飯店使用就自動給卡的主人增加信用分，同時還提供很多銀行服務(wù)。
Her parents often take trips abroad, leaving her all alone in their big house. 她父母經(jīng)常去國外旅游，把她一個人留在大房子里。
Economic crises in financial capitals abroad will inevitably follow the recent troubles on Wall Street.。國外的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)必然會隨著華爾街近期的金融問題而至。
【較難詞義】[正式]四下流傳中
The king wanted me to keep the secret that his wife was disloyalto him, so I would never let it be spread abroad.
abrupt
【點(diǎn)睛】這個詞的第一個意思很熟悉，但是第二、三個意思卻是考研的難點(diǎn)。如果一個人言談行為比較唐突，別人可能覺得他很粗魯。一個很突兀的山坡自然是陡坡了。
adj.【常見詞義】突然的
Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts.過渡部分應(yīng)該承上啟下，這樣才不會使文章有突兀的或令人費(fèi)解的變化。
【較難詞義】1.粗魯?shù)?/p>
He is a very fine man even though hes sometimes abrupt in manner.
2.陡峭的 an abrupt descent陡坡
【擴(kuò)展】abruption n.突然的斷裂 total abruption of all relations徹底斷絕所有關(guān)系
absorb
v.吸引
The students are absorbed in their studies for the big math exam.
People are absorbed into a culture of consumption launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.人們被19世紀(jì)的商店發(fā)起的消費(fèi)文化所吸引。這些商店環(huán)境優(yōu)雅，商品琳瑯滿目。
【較難詞義】占去
His new girlfriend absorbs most of his time and we rarely see him anymore these days.
3.忍受
The young couple, Tom and his wife, couldnt absorb the additional financial hardships of living alone and had to move back home with Toms parents.
Families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.
【擴(kuò)展】
absorption n.吸收
absorbent adj.能吸收的 be as absorbent as a sea sponge
absorbing adj.吸引人的 General introduction classes such as these will be of absorbing interest to a larger, more diverse audience; specialists on the topic, however, may be bored by these classes. 像這樣的概論課程將吸引眾多形形色色的聽眾，而研究該題目的專家可能會對這類課程感到厭煩。
【搭配】be absorbed in 專心于
He is often absorbed in business, although he is also periodicallydistracted by his pretty young secretary.
academic
adj. 【常見詞義】學(xué)術(shù)的
academic freedom 學(xué)術(shù)自由
the academic world 學(xué)術(shù)界
Mr. McWhorters academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of whom, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.麥克沃特先生的學(xué)術(shù)研究專業(yè)是語言的歷史與變化。他認(rèn)為，例如whom逐漸消失是自然而然的事情，并不比古英語中其他詞語的消失更令人惋惜。
【較難詞義】不實(shí)際的，不實(shí)用的
Well, I have no money so the question of what kind of car I want to buy is purely academic.
acceleration
n. 1. 加速，加快
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.從中產(chǎn)階層家庭的角度來看，不難理解，這看上去不像一種承擔(dān)更多經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任的機(jī)會，而更像是大規(guī)模地把經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到他們早已負(fù)擔(dān)沉重的肩膀上。這種情況實(shí)在令人恐懼。
2.加速性能 I want to buy a car with excellent acceleration.
3.加速度
accessory
n. 1.附件
【點(diǎn)睛】accessory指的是某主要物品的配件或配套設(shè)備，如電腦配件：extention cord, mouse, keyboard等;服裝的配套品：scarf, glove等。
【搭配】accessory to 附屬
Environmentalists believe that nature is not accessory to man and therefore plants and animals should be treated with the same dignity we afford each other. 環(huán)境主義者認(rèn)為，自然界不是人類的附屬品，所以我們應(yīng)該像對待同伴那樣對待動植物，給予它們同樣的尊嚴(yán)。
2.從犯, 同謀者
The celebrity was charged with accessory to murder but was acquitted after a long and controversial trial.
accommodate
【常見詞義】v.1.使適應(yīng)
If you enter a dark room from the outside brightness, your eyes will have to take a while to accommodate to the darkness.
2.容納
The small town banquet hall is not large enough to accommodate a large international gathering of the kind you are discussing. 小鎮(zhèn)的宴會廳容納不下你所說的這類大型國際聚會。
【較難詞義】v.1.提供食宿，安排住宿
The small island accommodates the fishermen who get lost on the sea.
2.遷就，照顧的意見、需要等
【點(diǎn)睛】此義是個難點(diǎn)，指設(shè)法滿足或達(dá)到某人的要求，即to make an extra effort to do what sb. asks
Accommodating the special needs of migrant workers is an important duty of local governments.
照顧農(nóng)民工的特殊需求是地方政府的重要職責(zé)。
【詞匯擴(kuò)展】
accommodation n.調(diào)整;住宿，膳宿
Students from other parts of China can find accommodations through the New Oriental School in Beijing. 外地學(xué)生可以在北京的學(xué)校住宿。
accommodating adj.與人方便的，樂于助人的
accord
【常見詞義】v.使符合，相符和
【點(diǎn)睛】經(jīng)常與with搭配使用，即accord with
His lack of fluency in English does not accord with my expectations of one who has just returned from studies at Cambridge.
【較難詞義】v.授予，贈與
An honorary title should be accorded only to one who has a proven track record of accomplishment. 榮譽(yù)稱號應(yīng)只授予有成就證明記錄的人。
【常用搭配】in accord with 與相一致
I like my daughters new boyfriend; I am in accord with all the opinions he expressed at dinner.
【擴(kuò)展】 accordance n. 1.一致
2.授予，賦予 the accordance of rights and privileges 權(quán)利和特權(quán)的賦予
