2023年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愅晷翁羁站毩?xí)
Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead
The color red often means danger - and by paying attention, can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red fights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic intersection tells cars to stop, so dont run into other cars.
In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger construction sites. Thanks to1 new work by engineers, bridge supports2 - or other kinds of materials - could one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red a structure collapses or falls . A tiny molecule may make a big difference in future warning systems.
A polymer a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore turns red seconds before it snaps3. The technology may one day allow damage to materials or structures4 to be easily .
The secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how theyre held together.
When a polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore is about to breaks, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes injured or , one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. Its a really simple detection method, says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Were up this one bond, and it changes color. Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab. The test proved encouraging.
There is a way to get rid of~ the red color: . When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixedrn and the red color disappears. This self-healing may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be , in sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophores warning system useless.
Sottos and her fellow scientists still have work to do before the color-changing molecules can. be used outside the lab.
詞匯：
crossing n.十字路口 mechanophore n.機械響應(yīng)性聚合物 intersection n.交叉路口
molecule n.分子 snap v.折斷，斷裂 polymer n.聚合物 atom n.原子
注釋：
1. Thanks to：多虧，由于
2. bridge supports：橋梁支柱
3. seconds before it snaps：聚合物斷裂前幾秒鐘。Seconds 修飾狀語從句 before it snaps。It 指代 polymer。
4. damage to materials or structures：材料或建筑物的損壞。to 是介詞。介詞短語 to materials or structures 修飾 damage。
5. is about to break：即將斷裂。be about to 意為剛剛，行將。
6. get rid of：除去。
7. the broken bond is fixed：斷裂的鍵被修復(fù)。Fix 意為修理，修復(fù)。
練習(xí)：
1 A measures B accidents C actions D collapses
2 A they B it C some D most
3 A with B over C at D in
4 A before B after C once D while
5 A together B behind C down D apart
6 A contacting B conducting C containing D considering
7 A controlled B spotted C repaired D changed
8 A technical B electronic C physical D chemical
9 A everything B something C nothing D anything
10 A weak B strong C tough D soft
11 A using B opening C turning D finishing
12 A laws B theories C tools D results
13 A air B electricity C light D sound
14 A aside B beside C inside D outside
15 A a part of B a pair of C a piece of D a lot of
答案與題解：
1. B 從第一句的The color often means danger 和...can be prevented所表達 的意思判斷，accidents 是答案。因為存在 danger,就有可能出現(xiàn) accidents。因為有了紅 色預(yù)警信號，accidents 就有可能 prevented。
2. A 本題的測試點是代詞。代詞所要指代的詞是 cars，它是復(fù)數(shù)，所以代詞 they 是唯一 選擇。
3. C construction sites 前面的介詞要用 at。with, over 和 in 都不合適。
4. A 這兩段說，把一種能變色的化學(xué)物質(zhì)加在建筑材料中，當(dāng)建筑物斷裂之前，變色材料 會顯示紅色。所以，after 與上下文邏輯相悖。用了 once，句意變成一旦建筑物斷裂，變 色材料會顯示紅色，這不合邏輯，斷裂后才變色就是去了預(yù)警作用。While 也說不通，因 為It will turn red while a structure collapses的意思是在建筑物倒塌期間，變 色材料會顯示紅，斷裂后才顯示紅色已經(jīng)沒有意義了。所以，只有 before 才是答案。
5. D 要選 apart。fall apart 意為破碎，破裂。Collapses or falls apart 中的 or
意為即，所以，fall apart 與 collapse 同義。
6. C 從上下文所表達的意思判斷，本次要選的詞是 containing，即含有。其余三個選項，即 contacting，conducting，considering都與句意搭不上。
7. B 建筑物斷裂之前，變色材料會顯示紅色。這種新技術(shù)的預(yù)警性很明顯，人們見到建筑 物出現(xiàn)紅色就知道有險情。所以，spotted是答案。
8. D 本段對變色材料為什么會變色的原理做出解釋，句中出現(xiàn) atoms，molecule 等。所以 變色是一種化學(xué)反應(yīng)，不會是一種物理、電子或技術(shù)反應(yīng)。
9. A 本句的意思是：分子的大小和形狀構(gòu)成世界萬物，所以應(yīng)選 everything。
10. A 本句的意思是：含有 mechanophore 分子的聚合物受傷時，mechanophore 中的一 個鍵就會斷開，于是它便呈現(xiàn)紅色。句中的 or 意為即，也就是說，緊接在 or 后面的詞 應(yīng)該是 injured 的同義詞，所以要選 weak。
11. B Sottos 和她的研究組進行了實驗，斷開 mechanophore 的一個鍵，讓其呈現(xiàn)紅色。 Opening up 是打開，斷開的意思，與上下文意思相符，所以選 opening 是答案。Using up
，turning up或 finishing up與 bond 連用，意思都不對。
12. D 上文說到，Sottos 和她的研究組進行了實驗，所以 test 后面的詞應(yīng)該是 results。 最后一個詞是 encouraging，也提示了 results 是答案。
13. C 本段第二句說，當(dāng)明亮的光線射到被斷開的化學(xué)鍵上，化學(xué)鍵就會被修復(fù)，于是紅色
預(yù)警信號就消失了。第二句的 light 提示了第一句缺失的關(guān)鍵詞就是 light。
14. D 大型建筑物一半均是露天的。句末的 sunlight 提示了要選 sunlight。
15. D 紅色預(yù)警信號在陽光下是不會出現(xiàn)的。所以，如何能使紅色預(yù)警信號在室外也能顯現(xiàn) ， 這是科學(xué)家今后研究的課題，而且研究的難度和工作量還很大。四個選項中，只有 a lot of 與上下文的意思對得上號。A part of和 a pair of明顯不合適。A piece of也不合邏輯。
Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead
The color red often means danger - and by paying attention, can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red fights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic intersection tells cars to stop, so dont run into other cars.
In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger construction sites. Thanks to1 new work by engineers, bridge supports2 - or other kinds of materials - could one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red a structure collapses or falls . A tiny molecule may make a big difference in future warning systems.
A polymer a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore turns red seconds before it snaps3. The technology may one day allow damage to materials or structures4 to be easily .
The secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how theyre held together.
When a polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore is about to breaks, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes injured or , one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. Its a really simple detection method, says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Were up this one bond, and it changes color. Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab. The test proved encouraging.
There is a way to get rid of~ the red color: . When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixedrn and the red color disappears. This self-healing may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be , in sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophores warning system useless.
Sottos and her fellow scientists still have work to do before the color-changing molecules can. be used outside the lab.
詞匯：
crossing n.十字路口 mechanophore n.機械響應(yīng)性聚合物 intersection n.交叉路口
molecule n.分子 snap v.折斷，斷裂 polymer n.聚合物 atom n.原子
注釋：
1. Thanks to：多虧，由于
2. bridge supports：橋梁支柱
3. seconds before it snaps：聚合物斷裂前幾秒鐘。Seconds 修飾狀語從句 before it snaps。It 指代 polymer。
4. damage to materials or structures：材料或建筑物的損壞。to 是介詞。介詞短語 to materials or structures 修飾 damage。
5. is about to break：即將斷裂。be about to 意為剛剛，行將。
6. get rid of：除去。
7. the broken bond is fixed：斷裂的鍵被修復(fù)。Fix 意為修理，修復(fù)。
練習(xí)：
1 A measures B accidents C actions D collapses
2 A they B it C some D most
3 A with B over C at D in
4 A before B after C once D while
5 A together B behind C down D apart
6 A contacting B conducting C containing D considering
7 A controlled B spotted C repaired D changed
8 A technical B electronic C physical D chemical
9 A everything B something C nothing D anything
10 A weak B strong C tough D soft
11 A using B opening C turning D finishing
12 A laws B theories C tools D results
13 A air B electricity C light D sound
14 A aside B beside C inside D outside
15 A a part of B a pair of C a piece of D a lot of
答案與題解：
1. B 從第一句的The color often means danger 和...can be prevented所表達 的意思判斷，accidents 是答案。因為存在 danger,就有可能出現(xiàn) accidents。因為有了紅 色預(yù)警信號，accidents 就有可能 prevented。
2. A 本題的測試點是代詞。代詞所要指代的詞是 cars，它是復(fù)數(shù)，所以代詞 they 是唯一 選擇。
3. C construction sites 前面的介詞要用 at。with, over 和 in 都不合適。
4. A 這兩段說，把一種能變色的化學(xué)物質(zhì)加在建筑材料中，當(dāng)建筑物斷裂之前，變色材料 會顯示紅色。所以，after 與上下文邏輯相悖。用了 once，句意變成一旦建筑物斷裂，變 色材料會顯示紅色，這不合邏輯，斷裂后才變色就是去了預(yù)警作用。While 也說不通，因 為It will turn red while a structure collapses的意思是在建筑物倒塌期間，變 色材料會顯示紅，斷裂后才顯示紅色已經(jīng)沒有意義了。所以，只有 before 才是答案。
5. D 要選 apart。fall apart 意為破碎，破裂。Collapses or falls apart 中的 or
意為即，所以，fall apart 與 collapse 同義。
6. C 從上下文所表達的意思判斷，本次要選的詞是 containing，即含有。其余三個選項，即 contacting，conducting，considering都與句意搭不上。
7. B 建筑物斷裂之前，變色材料會顯示紅色。這種新技術(shù)的預(yù)警性很明顯，人們見到建筑 物出現(xiàn)紅色就知道有險情。所以，spotted是答案。
8. D 本段對變色材料為什么會變色的原理做出解釋，句中出現(xiàn) atoms，molecule 等。所以 變色是一種化學(xué)反應(yīng)，不會是一種物理、電子或技術(shù)反應(yīng)。
9. A 本句的意思是：分子的大小和形狀構(gòu)成世界萬物，所以應(yīng)選 everything。
10. A 本句的意思是：含有 mechanophore 分子的聚合物受傷時，mechanophore 中的一 個鍵就會斷開，于是它便呈現(xiàn)紅色。句中的 or 意為即，也就是說，緊接在 or 后面的詞 應(yīng)該是 injured 的同義詞，所以要選 weak。
11. B Sottos 和她的研究組進行了實驗，斷開 mechanophore 的一個鍵，讓其呈現(xiàn)紅色。 Opening up 是打開，斷開的意思，與上下文意思相符，所以選 opening 是答案。Using up
，turning up或 finishing up與 bond 連用，意思都不對。
12. D 上文說到，Sottos 和她的研究組進行了實驗，所以 test 后面的詞應(yīng)該是 results。 最后一個詞是 encouraging，也提示了 results 是答案。
13. C 本段第二句說，當(dāng)明亮的光線射到被斷開的化學(xué)鍵上，化學(xué)鍵就會被修復(fù)，于是紅色
預(yù)警信號就消失了。第二句的 light 提示了第一句缺失的關(guān)鍵詞就是 light。
14. D 大型建筑物一半均是露天的。句末的 sunlight 提示了要選 sunlight。
15. D 紅色預(yù)警信號在陽光下是不會出現(xiàn)的。所以，如何能使紅色預(yù)警信號在室外也能顯現(xiàn) ， 這是科學(xué)家今后研究的課題，而且研究的難度和工作量還很大。四個選項中，只有 a lot of 與上下文的意思對得上號。A part of和 a pair of明顯不合適。A piece of也不合邏輯。
