基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)輕松學(xué)【84】吐痰的歷史

　　本課您將學(xué)到：feel sorry for（為感到難過(guò)），on the sly（偷偷摸摸）

　　在哈佛大學(xué)，有一條很大的標(biāo)語(yǔ)：請(qǐng)不要隨地吐痰，不要亂扔廢物，它是用中文寫的，而且只用了中文。難道吐痰是中國(guó)人的專利？當(dāng)然不是，今天我們就來(lái)聊聊西方也有悠久的吐痰史

　　Spitting was mostly associated（聯(lián)系） with smoking, both denounced（指責(zé)、譴責(zé)） by women as bad habits. Every time I saw a spittoon（痰盂）, I felt sorry for the poor housewife（家庭主婦） who had to clean it out every day. I also remember that schoolboys would start to spit at the same age as they took to smoking on the sly, just to show what grown-ups and tough guys（硬漢子） they were.

　　In the European Middle Ages it was permitted（允許） to spit under the table, but never across it. While standing, one could spit on the ground and immediately rub out（擦掉） the sputum（唾液） with ones foot. Spitting on the floor in 19th-century factories, hospital waiting rooms and barber shops（理發(fā)店） was tolerated（可以容忍的）. Where do you want them to spit? In their pockets? was the attitude.

　　So you see, the West has its own history of spitting, which it took time and effort to eradicate（連根拔除）. But if Westerners were able to break themselves of the habit, why not the Chinese?

　 「讀書筆記」

　　吐痰大多與吸煙有關(guān)，（Spitting was mostly associated with smoking）二者都被婦女斥為陋習(xí)。（both denounced by women as bad habits）每一次我看見(jiàn)痰盂，（spittoon）就會(huì)為那些每天都要清洗痰盂的家庭主婦悲嘆。（I felt sorry for the poor housewife who had to clean it out every day）我還記得，學(xué)校里的男孩子們?cè)陂_(kāi)始偷偷吸煙的年齡也開(kāi)始隨地吐痰，（that schoolboys would start to spit at the same age as they took to smoking on the sly）以顯示他們已經(jīng)是成人，已經(jīng)成為粗悍的小伙子。（just to show what grown-ups and tough guys they were）

　　看到sorry，大家頭腦中出現(xiàn)的第一個(gè)意思可能就是抱歉，是的，當(dāng)不小心碰到別人說(shuō)句Im sorry.走到那里都不會(huì)錯(cuò)。不過(guò)可別以為它只有這一個(gè)意思，別以為美國(guó)為誤炸中國(guó)駐南斯拉夫大使館一事feel sorry是出于歉意，因?yàn)閒eel sorry for完全沒(méi)有道歉的意思，它是指為而感到難過(guò)。（上文中的句子，就是這種用法。）比如：

　　Tina felt sorry for Pat; she seemed so lonely.

　　Tina為Pat感到難過(guò)，她看起來(lái)太孤單了。

　　另外，be sorry to句型和feel sorry類似，后面常跟動(dòng)詞原形。比如，同樣是表達(dá)為你母親感到難過(guò)的意思，用兩種句式分別說(shuō)出來(lái)就是：

　　I feel sorry for your mother．我為你媽媽感到難過(guò)。

　　I＇m sorry to hear that your mother is ill．聽(tīng)到你媽媽生病了我很難過(guò)。

　　在中世紀(jì)的歐洲，（In the European Middle Ages）允許人們將痰吐在桌子底下，（it was permitted to spit under the table）但決不可以將痰遠(yuǎn)射到桌子的另一邊；（but never across it）站著的時(shí)候，可以把痰吐在地上，（one could spit on the ground）并立即用腳蹭了。（and immediately rub out the sputum with ones foot）在19世紀(jì)的工廠、醫(yī)院候診室和理發(fā)館，人們?nèi)萑屉S地吐痰，（in 19th-century factories, hospital waiting rooms and barber shops was tolerated）你讓他們把痰吐到哪兒呢？（Where do you want them to spit?）吐到他們的衣服兜里嗎？這就是人們當(dāng)時(shí)的態(tài)度。

　　你看，西方國(guó)家也有他們的吐痰歷史，（the West has its own history of spitting）他們付出了時(shí)間，付出了努力，才根除了這一陋習(xí)。（which it took time and effort to eradicate）如果說(shuō)西方人能夠與這種陋習(xí)決裂，（if Westerners were able to break themselves of the habit）難道中國(guó)人就不能？（why not the Chinese）

　 「句型留言板」

　　今天，我們來(lái)學(xué)一句表達(dá)偷偷摸摸地意思的句型，on the sly.其中，sly意思是狡猾的、狡詐的意思，但放在sly smile/look中，意思稍有不同，比如：

　　A slow sly smile was creeping around the corners of his mouth.

　　他的嘴角慢慢露出了詭秘的微笑。

　　They exchanged sly looks and smiles.

　　他們交換會(huì)意的眼色和微笑。

　　接著看On the sly，它的英文解釋是：secretly, especially when you are doing something that you should not do，需要注意的是，它是非正式使用的短語(yǔ)，只適合在口語(yǔ)或朋友之中使用。來(lái)看幾個(gè)例子：

　　She is having an affair with her Japanese teacher on the sly.

　　她和她的日文老師偷偷有了戀情。

　　Hes been drinking whiskey on the sly for thirty years.

　　他暗中偷喝威士忌酒已有三十年了。

　　When she thought no one was looking she opened the cupboard and took a few sweets on the sly.

　　當(dāng)她覺(jué)得沒(méi)人看見(jiàn)時(shí),她打開(kāi)壁櫥偷偷拿了幾塊糖。

　　今天的節(jié)目里，我們學(xué)的是feel sorry for（為感到難過(guò)）的用法和句型on the sly（偷偷摸摸地），下次節(jié)目，再教大家更多更實(shí)用的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)！See you next time！

　　本課您將學(xué)到：feel sorry for（為感到難過(guò)），on the sly（偷偷摸摸）

　　在哈佛大學(xué)，有一條很大的標(biāo)語(yǔ)：請(qǐng)不要隨地吐痰，不要亂扔廢物，它是用中文寫的，而且只用了中文。難道吐痰是中國(guó)人的專利？當(dāng)然不是，今天我們就來(lái)聊聊西方也有悠久的吐痰史

　　Spitting was mostly associated（聯(lián)系） with smoking, both denounced（指責(zé)、譴責(zé)） by women as bad habits. Every time I saw a spittoon（痰盂）, I felt sorry for the poor housewife（家庭主婦） who had to clean it out every day. I also remember that schoolboys would start to spit at the same age as they took to smoking on the sly, just to show what grown-ups and tough guys（硬漢子） they were.

　　In the European Middle Ages it was permitted（允許） to spit under the table, but never across it. While standing, one could spit on the ground and immediately rub out（擦掉） the sputum（唾液） with ones foot. Spitting on the floor in 19th-century factories, hospital waiting rooms and barber shops（理發(fā)店） was tolerated（可以容忍的）. Where do you want them to spit? In their pockets? was the attitude.

　　So you see, the West has its own history of spitting, which it took time and effort to eradicate（連根拔除）. But if Westerners were able to break themselves of the habit, why not the Chinese?

　 「讀書筆記」

　　吐痰大多與吸煙有關(guān)，（Spitting was mostly associated with smoking）二者都被婦女斥為陋習(xí)。（both denounced by women as bad habits）每一次我看見(jiàn)痰盂，（spittoon）就會(huì)為那些每天都要清洗痰盂的家庭主婦悲嘆。（I felt sorry for the poor housewife who had to clean it out every day）我還記得，學(xué)校里的男孩子們?cè)陂_(kāi)始偷偷吸煙的年齡也開(kāi)始隨地吐痰，（that schoolboys would start to spit at the same age as they took to smoking on the sly）以顯示他們已經(jīng)是成人，已經(jīng)成為粗悍的小伙子。（just to show what grown-ups and tough guys they were）

　　看到sorry，大家頭腦中出現(xiàn)的第一個(gè)意思可能就是抱歉，是的，當(dāng)不小心碰到別人說(shuō)句Im sorry.走到那里都不會(huì)錯(cuò)。不過(guò)可別以為它只有這一個(gè)意思，別以為美國(guó)為誤炸中國(guó)駐南斯拉夫大使館一事feel sorry是出于歉意，因?yàn)閒eel sorry for完全沒(méi)有道歉的意思，它是指為而感到難過(guò)。（上文中的句子，就是這種用法。）比如：

　　Tina felt sorry for Pat; she seemed so lonely.

　　Tina為Pat感到難過(guò)，她看起來(lái)太孤單了。

　　另外，be sorry to句型和feel sorry類似，后面常跟動(dòng)詞原形。比如，同樣是表達(dá)為你母親感到難過(guò)的意思，用兩種句式分別說(shuō)出來(lái)就是：

　　I feel sorry for your mother．我為你媽媽感到難過(guò)。

　　I＇m sorry to hear that your mother is ill．聽(tīng)到你媽媽生病了我很難過(guò)。

　　在中世紀(jì)的歐洲，（In the European Middle Ages）允許人們將痰吐在桌子底下，（it was permitted to spit under the table）但決不可以將痰遠(yuǎn)射到桌子的另一邊；（but never across it）站著的時(shí)候，可以把痰吐在地上，（one could spit on the ground）并立即用腳蹭了。（and immediately rub out the sputum with ones foot）在19世紀(jì)的工廠、醫(yī)院候診室和理發(fā)館，人們?nèi)萑屉S地吐痰，（in 19th-century factories, hospital waiting rooms and barber shops was tolerated）你讓他們把痰吐到哪兒呢？（Where do you want them to spit?）吐到他們的衣服兜里嗎？這就是人們當(dāng)時(shí)的態(tài)度。

　　你看，西方國(guó)家也有他們的吐痰歷史，（the West has its own history of spitting）他們付出了時(shí)間，付出了努力，才根除了這一陋習(xí)。（which it took time and effort to eradicate）如果說(shuō)西方人能夠與這種陋習(xí)決裂，（if Westerners were able to break themselves of the habit）難道中國(guó)人就不能？（why not the Chinese）

　 「句型留言板」

　　今天，我們來(lái)學(xué)一句表達(dá)偷偷摸摸地意思的句型，on the sly.其中，sly意思是狡猾的、狡詐的意思，但放在sly smile/look中，意思稍有不同，比如：

　　A slow sly smile was creeping around the corners of his mouth.

　　他的嘴角慢慢露出了詭秘的微笑。

　　They exchanged sly looks and smiles.

　　他們交換會(huì)意的眼色和微笑。

　　接著看On the sly，它的英文解釋是：secretly, especially when you are doing something that you should not do，需要注意的是，它是非正式使用的短語(yǔ)，只適合在口語(yǔ)或朋友之中使用。來(lái)看幾個(gè)例子：

　　She is having an affair with her Japanese teacher on the sly.

　　她和她的日文老師偷偷有了戀情。

　　Hes been drinking whiskey on the sly for thirty years.

　　他暗中偷喝威士忌酒已有三十年了。

　　When she thought no one was looking she opened the cupboard and took a few sweets on the sly.

　　當(dāng)她覺(jué)得沒(méi)人看見(jiàn)時(shí),她打開(kāi)壁櫥偷偷拿了幾塊糖。

　　今天的節(jié)目里，我們學(xué)的是feel sorry for（為感到難過(guò)）的用法和句型on the sly（偷偷摸摸地），下次節(jié)目，再教大家更多更實(shí)用的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)！See you next time！