否定轉(zhuǎn)移在英語(yǔ)中的應(yīng)用

　　有這樣一個(gè)句子I dont think he is a good doctor.大家對(duì)這個(gè)句子有不同的翻譯：

　　1. 我不認(rèn)為他是個(gè)好醫(yī)生。2. 我認(rèn)為他不是個(gè)好醫(yī)生。哪個(gè)正確呢?2是正確的。那么1的錯(cuò)誤在哪兒呢?這就是否定轉(zhuǎn)移在作怪。這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)中特別常見，它是將語(yǔ)義上屬于從句（一般為that clause）的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的主句動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)義上可分為兩類：

　　一、表示看法的動(dòng)詞：be supposed to, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think等。如：

　　1. I ____ I_____ you before.

　　A. think; havent seen

　　B. didnt think; have seen

　　C. didnt think; didnt see

　　D. thought; not see

　　2. She _____ that we ____ anything.

　　A. didnt imagine；would say

　　B. dont imagine; say

　　C. doesnt imagine; would say

　　D. would imagine; would say（Keys: 1. B 2. A）

　　二、表示感覺的動(dòng)詞：appear, seem, look like, feel as if, look as if, sound as if等。如：

　　1. The baby ____ appear to be awake.

　　A. dont　　B. didnt

　　C. doesnt　D. could

　　2. It ______（看起來） like ______（天不會(huì)）going to rain.

　　（Keys: 1. C 2. doesnt look；its）

　　在以下特殊情況中，即使有允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，也不能將其否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。

　　1. I think是插入語(yǔ)，可看作與其他部分無關(guān)時(shí)。如：

　　I wish you were here, then, I think, I should not feel like this.

　　2. 主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞cant, mustnt, wouldnt等時(shí)。如：

　　I cant believe that they are married.

　　You mustnt think hes stupid.

　　3.由于cannot help doing, ought not, need not, not at all等短語(yǔ)的關(guān)系而把I think隔離時(shí)。如：

　　I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.

　　I think the angel is not at all in heaven. Redmond said.

　　4.由于受not justbut, just notenough, not much, not quite等以not為核心的副詞短語(yǔ)的影響，也不便把其否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。如：

　　I think Im just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.

　　But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.

　　5. 句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定詞時(shí)。如：

　　I should think you never have seen many.

　　I thought it explained nothing.

　　有這樣一個(gè)句子I dont think he is a good doctor.大家對(duì)這個(gè)句子有不同的翻譯：

　　1. 我不認(rèn)為他是個(gè)好醫(yī)生。2. 我認(rèn)為他不是個(gè)好醫(yī)生。哪個(gè)正確呢?2是正確的。那么1的錯(cuò)誤在哪兒呢?這就是否定轉(zhuǎn)移在作怪。這一語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)中特別常見，它是將語(yǔ)義上屬于從句（一般為that clause）的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的主句動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)義上可分為兩類：

　　一、表示看法的動(dòng)詞：be supposed to, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think等。如：

　　1. I ____ I_____ you before.

　　A. think; havent seen

　　B. didnt think; have seen

　　C. didnt think; didnt see

　　D. thought; not see

　　2. She _____ that we ____ anything.

　　A. didnt imagine；would say

　　B. dont imagine; say

　　C. doesnt imagine; would say

　　D. would imagine; would say（Keys: 1. B 2. A）

　　二、表示感覺的動(dòng)詞：appear, seem, look like, feel as if, look as if, sound as if等。如：

　　1. The baby ____ appear to be awake.

　　A. dont　　B. didnt

　　C. doesnt　D. could

　　2. It ______（看起來） like ______（天不會(huì)）going to rain.

　　（Keys: 1. C 2. doesnt look；its）

　　在以下特殊情況中，即使有允許否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，也不能將其否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。

　　1. I think是插入語(yǔ)，可看作與其他部分無關(guān)時(shí)。如：

　　I wish you were here, then, I think, I should not feel like this.

　　2. 主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞cant, mustnt, wouldnt等時(shí)。如：

　　I cant believe that they are married.

　　You mustnt think hes stupid.

　　3.由于cannot help doing, ought not, need not, not at all等短語(yǔ)的關(guān)系而把I think隔離時(shí)。如：

　　I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.

　　I think the angel is not at all in heaven. Redmond said.

　　4.由于受not justbut, just notenough, not much, not quite等以not為核心的副詞短語(yǔ)的影響，也不便把其否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。如：

　　I think Im just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.

　　But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.

　　5. 句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定詞時(shí)。如：

　　I should think you never have seen many.

　　I thought it explained nothing.