高中英語語法-全面回顧被動語態
全面回顧被動語態(一)
一、被動語態的構成形式
1. 被動語態的基本時態變化
被動語態通常為十種時態的被動形式, 被動語態由be＋過去分詞構成，be隨時態的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態的被動語態形式為：
1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現在時
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 現在完成時
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3） am/is /are being done 現在進行時
例A new cinema is being built here．
4） was/were done 一般過去時
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5） had been done 過去完成時
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6） was/were being done 過去進行時
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7） shall/will be done 一般將來時
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8） should/would be done 過去將來時
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）
例The project will have been completed before July.
10） should/would have been done 過去將來完成時（少用）
例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
2. 被動語態的特殊結構形式
1)帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當動詞+賓語+賓語補足語結構變為被動語態時，將賓語變為被動結構中的主語，其余不動。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變為被動結構時，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如動詞＋介詞，動詞＋副詞等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(一般時態和完成時態) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
全面回顧被動語態(一)
一、被動語態的構成形式
1. 被動語態的基本時態變化
被動語態通常為十種時態的被動形式, 被動語態由be＋過去分詞構成，be隨時態的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態的被動語態形式為：
1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現在時
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 現在完成時
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3） am/is /are being done 現在進行時
例A new cinema is being built here．
4） was/were done 一般過去時
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5） had been done 過去完成時
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6） was/were being done 過去進行時
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7） shall/will be done 一般將來時
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8） should/would be done 過去將來時
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）
例The project will have been completed before July.
10） should/would have been done 過去將來完成時（少用）
例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
2. 被動語態的特殊結構形式
1)帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當動詞+賓語+賓語補足語結構變為被動語態時，將賓語變為被動結構中的主語，其余不動。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變為被動結構時，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如動詞＋介詞，動詞＋副詞等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(一般時態和完成時態) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
