高中英語語法-短文改錯策略初探

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高中英語語法-短文改錯策略初探

  短文改錯策略初探

    短文改錯的目的是檢測考生對書面語篇的校驗能力。本題給出一篇約 100 個單詞的英語短文,要求考生對標有題號的每一行做出判斷,若有錯誤就將其改正。短文中的錯誤往往要在不同程度上借助語境來進行判斷,因此,短文改錯主要考查考生在語篇中綜合運用英語的準確性及考生在語篇中綜合運用英語的準確性及考查的語言觀察能力與評價能力。短文改錯的測試注意了語言知識的覆蓋面,考查的內容主要有:名詞、形容詞、冠詞、連詞、動詞、介詞等。因此,我們應全面了解其錯誤類型,對癥下藥,探尋解題策略。

    一、針對動詞錯誤的解題思路

    1. 如果該動詞作謂語,可考慮其時態、語態。做短文改錯題時,應通讀全文,看文章寫的是何時發生的事情,把握住總的時態、語態,再確定各分句中謂語動詞的時態。如:

    ( 1 ) I'd like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. (改為 have )

    ( 2 ) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (改為 passed )

    ( 3 ) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (改為 visited )

    2. 如果該動詞不作謂語,可試著改成非謂語動詞的適當形式( to do, doing, done )或其他從句,也可以把動詞改成相應的名詞形式。如:

    ( 1 ) I look forward to hear from you soon. (改為 hearing )

    ( 2 ) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (改為 playing )

    ( 3 ) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (改為 climbing )

    二、針對名詞錯誤的解題思路

    名詞的主要考點在其單復數形式上,常見的錯誤類型有:物質名詞或抽象名詞用復數形式,名詞單復數與修飾語不一致,規則動詞與不規則名詞復數變化混淆使用,名詞前可能缺少相應的冠詞或名詞前沒有加 be 動詞無法構成系表結構等。因此,解題時,應根據謂語動詞單復數或語意來確定名詞的單復數形式。如:

    ( 1 ) As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. (加 a )

    ( 2 ) What your favourite sport? (加 is )

    ( 3 ) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (加 the )

    ( 4 ) They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subject . (改為 subjects )

    三、針對冠詞錯誤的解題思路

    高考英語短文改錯題對冠詞的考查幾乎年年都有,其考點主要設在缺少冠詞或多用、錯用冠詞上。如:

    ( 1 ) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (改為 one )

    ( 2 ) I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (加 a )

    ( 3 ) Today I visited the Smiths - my first visit to a American family. (改為 an )

    四、針對介詞錯誤的解題思路

    在介詞前加上適當形式的 be 動詞,構成系表結構;注意介詞搭配是否正確;如果介詞是多余的,應去掉。如:

    ( 1 ) Their school in the center of the city. (加 is )

    ( 2 ) They drove the car in turns. (改為 by )

    ( 3 ) But we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. (去掉 about )

    五、針對形容詞錯誤的解題思路

    如果形容詞在句中作謂語,它的前面應有適當的系動詞;注意形容詞與副詞、名詞之間的轉化以及形容詞不同比較級的運用。如:

    ( 1 ) They eager to know everything about China. (加 are )

    ( 2 ) I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together. (改為 wonderful )

    ( 3 ) He went home as quick as possible. (改為 quickly )

    ( 4 ) With more and more TV sets, the world is now small than before. (改為 smaller )

    六、針對連詞錯誤的解題思路

    英語中句與句之間需使用并列或從屬連詞時,我們要從上下文來判斷句與句之間的關系是并列、轉折、選擇、遞進還是其它關系,從而選擇恰當的連詞;在復合句中,應根據主從句之間的關系來判斷連接詞使用是否準確,要注意句子結構的完整性。如:

    ( 1 ) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (改為 or )

    ( 2 ) The food was expensive and the service was good. (改為 but )

    ( 3 ) People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together. (加 who )

    ( 4 ) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (改為 How )

    以上列舉了短文改錯題中常出現的幾種錯誤類型,當然還有其它的錯誤類型,比如:重復現象、指代關系錯誤及定語從句使用錯誤等。做題時,應從整體上去理解,從上述幾方面綜合觀察句子是否有錯,不能只拘泥于一兩個方面而忽視其它可能出現的錯誤,要逐行查改(一般情況下,十題當中有一題是正確的),最后復讀核定,審看語言和行文邏輯等方面是否正確。

  短文改錯策略初探

    短文改錯的目的是檢測考生對書面語篇的校驗能力。本題給出一篇約 100 個單詞的英語短文,要求考生對標有題號的每一行做出判斷,若有錯誤就將其改正。短文中的錯誤往往要在不同程度上借助語境來進行判斷,因此,短文改錯主要考查考生在語篇中綜合運用英語的準確性及考生在語篇中綜合運用英語的準確性及考查的語言觀察能力與評價能力。短文改錯的測試注意了語言知識的覆蓋面,考查的內容主要有:名詞、形容詞、冠詞、連詞、動詞、介詞等。因此,我們應全面了解其錯誤類型,對癥下藥,探尋解題策略。

    一、針對動詞錯誤的解題思路

    1. 如果該動詞作謂語,可考慮其時態、語態。做短文改錯題時,應通讀全文,看文章寫的是何時發生的事情,把握住總的時態、語態,再確定各分句中謂語動詞的時態。如:

    ( 1 ) I'd like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. (改為 have )

    ( 2 ) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (改為 passed )

    ( 3 ) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (改為 visited )

    2. 如果該動詞不作謂語,可試著改成非謂語動詞的適當形式( to do, doing, done )或其他從句,也可以把動詞改成相應的名詞形式。如:

    ( 1 ) I look forward to hear from you soon. (改為 hearing )

    ( 2 ) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (改為 playing )

    ( 3 ) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (改為 climbing )

    二、針對名詞錯誤的解題思路

    名詞的主要考點在其單復數形式上,常見的錯誤類型有:物質名詞或抽象名詞用復數形式,名詞單復數與修飾語不一致,規則動詞與不規則名詞復數變化混淆使用,名詞前可能缺少相應的冠詞或名詞前沒有加 be 動詞無法構成系表結構等。因此,解題時,應根據謂語動詞單復數或語意來確定名詞的單復數形式。如:

    ( 1 ) As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. (加 a )

    ( 2 ) What your favourite sport? (加 is )

    ( 3 ) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (加 the )

    ( 4 ) They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subject . (改為 subjects )

    三、針對冠詞錯誤的解題思路

    高考英語短文改錯題對冠詞的考查幾乎年年都有,其考點主要設在缺少冠詞或多用、錯用冠詞上。如:

    ( 1 ) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (改為 one )

    ( 2 ) I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (加 a )

    ( 3 ) Today I visited the Smiths - my first visit to a American family. (改為 an )

    四、針對介詞錯誤的解題思路

    在介詞前加上適當形式的 be 動詞,構成系表結構;注意介詞搭配是否正確;如果介詞是多余的,應去掉。如:

    ( 1 ) Their school in the center of the city. (加 is )

    ( 2 ) They drove the car in turns. (改為 by )

    ( 3 ) But we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. (去掉 about )

    五、針對形容詞錯誤的解題思路

    如果形容詞在句中作謂語,它的前面應有適當的系動詞;注意形容詞與副詞、名詞之間的轉化以及形容詞不同比較級的運用。如:

    ( 1 ) They eager to know everything about China. (加 are )

    ( 2 ) I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together. (改為 wonderful )

    ( 3 ) He went home as quick as possible. (改為 quickly )

    ( 4 ) With more and more TV sets, the world is now small than before. (改為 smaller )

    六、針對連詞錯誤的解題思路

    英語中句與句之間需使用并列或從屬連詞時,我們要從上下文來判斷句與句之間的關系是并列、轉折、選擇、遞進還是其它關系,從而選擇恰當的連詞;在復合句中,應根據主從句之間的關系來判斷連接詞使用是否準確,要注意句子結構的完整性。如:

    ( 1 ) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (改為 or )

    ( 2 ) The food was expensive and the service was good. (改為 but )

    ( 3 ) People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together. (加 who )

    ( 4 ) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (改為 How )

    以上列舉了短文改錯題中常出現的幾種錯誤類型,當然還有其它的錯誤類型,比如:重復現象、指代關系錯誤及定語從句使用錯誤等。做題時,應從整體上去理解,從上述幾方面綜合觀察句子是否有錯,不能只拘泥于一兩個方面而忽視其它可能出現的錯誤,要逐行查改(一般情況下,十題當中有一題是正確的),最后復讀核定,審看語言和行文邏輯等方面是否正確。

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