名師指點：中考英語被動語態(tài)結構巧計規(guī)則
▲My mother looks through the magazine every day.(一般現(xiàn)在時的主動語態(tài))
The magazine is looked through by my mother every day.(一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))
▲My mother looked through the magazine last night.(一般過去時的主動語態(tài))
The magazine was looked through by my mother last night.(一般過去時的被動語態(tài))
英語中的被動語態(tài)是同學們在中學階段需要掌握的主要語法內(nèi)容之一，在中考中也占有非常重要的位置。在初中三年級上冊(外研版)的模塊3和模塊4中，對中學階段所學的各種時態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動詞句子的被動語態(tài)進行了講解，并總結出各種情況相對應的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結構。但是同學們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，只靠死記各種情況的被動語態(tài)結構，在改寫句子的時候特別容易出錯(尤其是進行時和完成時兩種情況)。那么，同學們就應該轉(zhuǎn)變方法，由死記轉(zhuǎn)向推理。
對于各種情況被動語態(tài)結構的推理，我們可以把它概括為一句話，即先考慮語態(tài)結構，再考慮時態(tài)結構，時態(tài)要體現(xiàn)在be動詞上。下面，讓我們以各種情況為例，體會一下這一方法的具體含義。
?、僖话悻F(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：
?、诤星閼B(tài)動詞的句子和一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
▲I can/will finish the work on time.
The work can/will be finished on time.
▲Im going to finish the work on time.
The work is going to be finished on time.
?、郜F(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
▲My mother is looking through the magazine.
The magazine is being looked through by my mother.
④現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
▲I have finished the work.
The work has been finished.
[中考真題]
1.The telephone ______ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.(2008 天津)
A.was invented B.has been invented
C.is invented D.will be invented
2.A talk on developments in science and technology _____ in the school hall next week.(2007 天津)
A.given B.will be given C.has been given D.gives
3.This kind of food _____ cool,clean and dry according to the instruction.(2006 天津)
A.should be carried B.must be put
C.should be placed D.must be kept
4.The flowers ____ every day.Or theyll die.(2005 天津)
A.must water B.can be watered
C.should water D.must be watered
[參考答案]
1.A。通過句意可知為被動語態(tài)(電話被發(fā)明)，通過時間標志(in 1876)可知為一般過去時。
2.B。通過句意可知為被動語態(tài)(談話被進行)，通過時間標志(next week)可知為一般將來時。
3.D。此題為含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，但主要考查keep的用法：keep sth. adj.
4.D。此題考查含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+done?；刻毂仨毐粷菜?/p>
先考慮語態(tài)結構be+done
再考慮時態(tài)結構情態(tài)動詞/will/be going to+do
時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上情態(tài)動詞/will/be going to+be+done
be (am/is/are)
其具體形式
由主語決定
在此結構中，該be動詞形式不變
am/is/are+done (一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))
was/were+done (一般過去時的被動語態(tài))
再考慮時態(tài)結構，時態(tài)要體現(xiàn)在be動詞上
先考慮語態(tài)結構be+done
先考慮語態(tài)結構be+done
再考慮時態(tài)結構have/has+done
時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上have/has+been done
先考慮語態(tài)結構be+done
再考慮時態(tài)結構be(am/is/are)+doing
時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上be(am/is/are)+being+done
▲My mother looks through the magazine every day.(一般現(xiàn)在時的主動語態(tài))
The magazine is looked through by my mother every day.(一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))
▲My mother looked through the magazine last night.(一般過去時的主動語態(tài))
The magazine was looked through by my mother last night.(一般過去時的被動語態(tài))
英語中的被動語態(tài)是同學們在中學階段需要掌握的主要語法內(nèi)容之一，在中考中也占有非常重要的位置。在初中三年級上冊(外研版)的模塊3和模塊4中，對中學階段所學的各種時態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動詞句子的被動語態(tài)進行了講解，并總結出各種情況相對應的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結構。但是同學們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，只靠死記各種情況的被動語態(tài)結構，在改寫句子的時候特別容易出錯(尤其是進行時和完成時兩種情況)。那么，同學們就應該轉(zhuǎn)變方法，由死記轉(zhuǎn)向推理。
對于各種情況被動語態(tài)結構的推理，我們可以把它概括為一句話，即先考慮語態(tài)結構，再考慮時態(tài)結構，時態(tài)要體現(xiàn)在be動詞上。下面，讓我們以各種情況為例，體會一下這一方法的具體含義。
?、僖话悻F(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：
?、诤星閼B(tài)動詞的句子和一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
▲I can/will finish the work on time.
The work can/will be finished on time.
▲Im going to finish the work on time.
The work is going to be finished on time.
③現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
▲My mother is looking through the magazine.
The magazine is being looked through by my mother.
④現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：
例句：
▲I have finished the work.
The work has been finished.
[中考真題]
1.The telephone ______ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.(2008 天津)
A.was invented B.has been invented
C.is invented D.will be invented
2.A talk on developments in science and technology _____ in the school hall next week.(2007 天津)
A.given B.will be given C.has been given D.gives
3.This kind of food _____ cool,clean and dry according to the instruction.(2006 天津)
A.should be carried B.must be put
C.should be placed D.must be kept
4.The flowers ____ every day.Or theyll die.(2005 天津)
A.must water B.can be watered
C.should water D.must be watered
[參考答案]
1.A。通過句意可知為被動語態(tài)(電話被發(fā)明)，通過時間標志(in 1876)可知為一般過去時。
2.B。通過句意可知為被動語態(tài)(談話被進行)，通過時間標志(next week)可知為一般將來時。
3.D。此題為含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，但主要考查keep的用法：keep sth. adj.
4.D。此題考查含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+done?；刻毂仨毐粷菜?/p>
先考慮語態(tài)結構be+done
再考慮時態(tài)結構情態(tài)動詞/will/be going to+do
時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上情態(tài)動詞/will/be going to+be+done
be (am/is/are)
其具體形式
由主語決定
在此結構中，該be動詞形式不變
am/is/are+done (一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))
was/were+done (一般過去時的被動語態(tài))
再考慮時態(tài)結構，時態(tài)要體現(xiàn)在be動詞上
先考慮語態(tài)結構be+done
先考慮語態(tài)結構be+done
再考慮時態(tài)結構have/has+done
時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上have/has+been done
先考慮語態(tài)結構be+done
再考慮時態(tài)結構be(am/is/are)+doing
時態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上be(am/is/are)+being+done
