(五年高考)2024屆高考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí):專(zhuān)題1 冠詞 名詞(全國(guó)通用)
專(zhuān)題一 名詞和冠詞
2024~2011年各省市高考
Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(2024·江蘇)Some schools will have to make
(adjust) in agreement
with the national soccer reform.
解析 句意:為了與國(guó)家足球改革相一致
make adjustments 做出調(diào)整。
答案 adjustments
(2024·江蘇)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my
(apologize).
解析 句意:——去和你的媽媽說(shuō)對(duì)不起我想但我怕媽媽不會(huì)接受我的道歉。作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)和my的修飾語(yǔ)要用名詞形式。
答案 apology/apologies
(2024·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce
(stressful) is to
talk about feelings with someone you trust.
解析 句意:減少壓力最有效的方法之一是與信任的人談?wù)勀愕母惺?。作?dòng)詞reduce的賓語(yǔ)要用名詞形式壓力緊張為不可數(shù)名詞。
答案 stress
(2024·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.
解析 句意:追趕哥哥時(shí)小男孩失去了平衡重重摔了一跤。作動(dòng)詞lose的賓語(yǔ)要用名詞形式。lose his balance失去平衡失去均衡。
答案 balance
(2024·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it
some
(think) and then let me know.
解析 句意:現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有必要告訴我你的答案。思考一下然后讓我知道。 some后應(yīng)跟名詞想法。
答案 thought
(2024·安徽)—Why not buy a second-h(huán)and car first if you don't have enough
money for a new one?
—That's a good
(suggest).
解析 句意:——如果你沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)買(mǎi)一輛新車(chē)的話(huà)為什么不先買(mǎi)一輛二
手車(chē)呢?——這是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的建議(suggestion)。形容詞修飾名詞故用名詞形式。
答案 suggestion
(2024·湖北)Her
(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get
the right to higher education.
解析 句意:她寫(xiě)作的動(dòng)機(jī)是出于對(duì)女性獲得高等教育權(quán)利的渴望。形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。
答案 motivation
(2024·江西)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with
(patient).
解析 句意:每當(dāng)我犯錯(cuò)的時(shí)候老師都耐心地幫我指出來(lái)。with是介詞介詞后用名詞形式故用patience。
答案 patience
(2024·山東)My first
(impress) of him was that he was a kind and
thoughtful young man.
解析 句意:我對(duì)他的第一印象是他是一個(gè)友好且體貼的年輕人。序數(shù)詞first修飾名詞。
答案 impression
(2024·福建)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well,you know,English is my
(strong).So it is my best choice.
解析 句意:——你為什么選擇去一家國(guó)際旅行社工作?——哦你知道英語(yǔ)是我的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。因此這是我的最佳選擇。形容詞性物主代詞my后跟名詞意為“長(zhǎng)處強(qiáng)項(xiàng)”。
答案 strength
(2011·湖北)Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big
(commit)
解析 句意:放棄工作回去接受全日制教育是個(gè)巨大的“投入”但是現(xiàn)在我意識(shí)到那是我所作出的最正確的決定。commitment“花費(fèi)使用(資金、
答案 commitment
用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空
(2024·江蘇)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's
wet blanket.
解析 句意:——為什a wet blanket 令人掃興的人或物。
答案 a
2.(2024·浙江)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write
children's book
for many years, but one thing or another always got in
way.
解析 句意:瓊的奶奶多年來(lái)一直想寫(xiě)一本兒童書(shū)籍但總有這樣那樣的事情阻礙她不能實(shí)現(xiàn)??疾楣谠~。第一空表泛指故用不定冠詞a;第二空為固定表達(dá)get in the way妨礙阻礙。
答案 a; the
(2024·重慶)I just heard
bank where Dora works was robbed by
gunman wearing a mask.
解析 句意:我剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)Dora 工作的銀行被一位蒙面持槍歹徒搶劫了。第一空為特指表示“Dora 工作的那家銀行”第二空為泛指表示“一位蒙面持槍歹徒”。
答案 the; a
(2024·陜西)
more learned a man is,
more modest he usually
becomes.
解析 句意:一個(gè)人的知識(shí)越是淵博他通常就越謙虛。考查固定搭配。the more...the more...越……越……。
答案 The;the
(2024·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be
Beethoven.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:Brian在創(chuàng)作音樂(lè)上極有才華他很有可能成為一個(gè)像貝多芬那樣的人才。本題考查不定冠詞在人名前表示:一個(gè)像……那樣的人。
答案 a
(2024·陜西)
village where I was born has grown into
town.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:我出生的那個(gè)小村莊已經(jīng)變成了一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)了。根據(jù)句意可知我出生的村莊”由定語(yǔ)從句修飾表特指用定冠詞the;而第二空應(yīng)是泛指。
答案 The;a
(2024·天津)Life is like
ocean:Only
strong-willed can
reach the other shore.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:生活就像一個(gè)大洋只有那些意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)者才能到達(dá)彼岸。此句中的ocean是可數(shù)名詞且是第一次出現(xiàn)故用an;第二個(gè)空中the+表示一類(lèi)人。
答案 an;the
(2024·浙江)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days
week,often long into
night.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:這篇論文預(yù)計(jì)下個(gè)月寫(xiě)完我一星期工作七天經(jīng)常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期;第二空為習(xí)慣用法如work into the night工作到深夜。
答案 a;the
(2024·重慶)I can't tell you
way to the Wilson's because we don't have
Wilson here in the village.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:我無(wú)法告訴你去威爾遜家怎么走因?yàn)槲覀兇鍥](méi)有叫威爾遜的。由句意可知前者是特指后者為泛指。
答案 the;a
(2024·江西)They chose Tom to be
captain of the team because they
knew he was
smart leader.
解析 考查冠詞用法。句意:因?yàn)樗麄冎罍肥且晃痪鞯念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)所以就選他當(dāng)球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)??芍谝豢沼枚ü谠~是特指這個(gè)球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)第二
答案 the;a
(2024·福建)The “Chinese Dream” is
dream to improve people's well-being and
dream of harmony,
解析 考a,表示泛指概念。
答案 a;a
(2024·山東)It was
cold winter night and the moon was shining
brightly across
night sky.
解析 考查冠詞用法。第一空“一個(gè)寒冷的冬夜”應(yīng)用不定冠詞a;第二空“夜空”指獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物用定冠詞the。
答案 a;the
13.(2024·陜西19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on
Pacific Ocean on
his way to Java in
thirteenth century.
解析 句意:據(jù)說(shuō)十三世紀(jì)時(shí)馬可波羅曾經(jīng)橫渡太平洋前往爪哇。世界七大洲前不加the而四大洋前需要加the。in the...century意為“在……世紀(jì)”。
答案 the;the
(2024·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))India attained
independence in 1947,after
long struggle.
解析 考查冠詞用法。句意:印度在長(zhǎng)期抗?fàn)幒笥?947年獲得獨(dú)立。 attain independence獲得獨(dú)立是零冠詞用法;after a long struggle經(jīng)過(guò)一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的抗?fàn)巃表示數(shù)量。
答案 /;a
(2024·重慶)The parents were shocked by
news that their son needed
operation on his knee.
解析 考查冠詞。句中的news指的是that從句的內(nèi)容所以此處的news是特指the;第二空處意為“需要做一次手術(shù)”為泛指要用不定冠詞。
答案 the;an
(2024·江西)Animals are obviously
lower form of life than
man.
解析 本題考查冠詞。man表示“人類(lèi)”的意義時(shí)前面不加冠詞。form是可數(shù)名a修飾。句意:很明顯動(dòng)物是低于人類(lèi)的一種生命形式。
答案 a;/
(2024·遼寧)I woke up with
bad headache,yet by
evening
the pain had gone.
解析 句意:我醒來(lái)時(shí)頭很痛但到了晚上頭痛就a;第二空表示特指加the。
答案 a;the
(2024·浙江)The development of industry has been
gradual process
throughout
human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:在整個(gè)人類(lèi)歷史中工業(yè)的發(fā)展從石器時(shí)代到現(xiàn)代科技時(shí)代已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程。第一空process是可數(shù)名詞第一次出現(xiàn)一般用不定冠詞修飾且此次表示“一個(gè)”的概念;第二空existence是不可數(shù)名詞此處表示抽象概念故用零冠詞。
答案 a;/
(2011·重慶)In communication, a smile is usually
strong sign of a
friendly and
open attitude.
解析 考查冠詞的用法。句意:在相互交流中微笑通常是一種友好和開(kāi)放的態(tài)度的明顯特征。 a 用在可數(shù)名詞sign前泛指一類(lèi)事物;friendly and open 是并列關(guān)系修飾attitude。
答案 a;/
名詞是高考每年必考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目??疾橐c(diǎn)主要集中考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式可
數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞名詞所有格等。
冠詞是虛詞本身不能單獨(dú)使用也沒(méi)有詞義常放在名詞前面幫助說(shuō)明名詞
的含義與名詞共生共存。其考查的重點(diǎn)主要有:定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞的基本用法;冠詞的特殊用法;冠詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中和具體、真實(shí)語(yǔ)境中的用法;
冠詞在句中的位置以及冠詞在具體化的抽象名詞前的用法。
專(zhuān)題一 名詞和冠詞
2024~2011年各省市高考
?、?用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(2024·江蘇)Some schools will have to make
(adjust) in agreement
with the national soccer reform.
解析 句意:為了與國(guó)家足球改革相一致
make adjustments 做出調(diào)整。
答案 adjustments
(2024·江蘇)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my
(apologize).
解析 句意:——去和你的媽媽說(shuō)對(duì)不起我想但我怕媽媽不會(huì)接受我的道歉。作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)和my的修飾語(yǔ)要用名詞形式。
答案 apology/apologies
(2024·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce
(stressful) is to
talk about feelings with someone you trust.
解析 句意:減少壓力最有效的方法之一是與信任的人談?wù)勀愕母惺?。作?dòng)詞reduce的賓語(yǔ)要用名詞形式壓力緊張為不可數(shù)名詞。
答案 stress
(2024·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.
解析 句意:追趕哥哥時(shí)小男孩失去了平衡重重摔了一跤。作動(dòng)詞lose的賓語(yǔ)要用名詞形式。lose his balance失去平衡失去均衡。
答案 balance
(2024·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it
some
(think) and then let me know.
解析 句意:現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有必要告訴我你的答案。思考一下然后讓我知道。 some后應(yīng)跟名詞想法。
答案 thought
(2024·安徽)—Why not buy a second-h(huán)and car first if you don't have enough
money for a new one?
—That's a good
(suggest).
解析 句意:——如果你沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)買(mǎi)一輛新車(chē)的話(huà)為什么不先買(mǎi)一輛二
手車(chē)呢?——這是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的建議(suggestion)。形容詞修飾名詞故用名詞形式。
答案 suggestion
(2024·湖北)Her
(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get
the right to higher education.
解析 句意:她寫(xiě)作的動(dòng)機(jī)是出于對(duì)女性獲得高等教育權(quán)利的渴望。形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。
答案 motivation
(2024·江西)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with
(patient).
解析 句意:每當(dāng)我犯錯(cuò)的時(shí)候老師都耐心地幫我指出來(lái)。with是介詞介詞后用名詞形式故用patience。
答案 patience
(2024·山東)My first
(impress) of him was that he was a kind and
thoughtful young man.
解析 句意:我對(duì)他的第一印象是他是一個(gè)友好且體貼的年輕人。序數(shù)詞first修飾名詞。
答案 impression
(2024·福建)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well,you know,English is my
(strong).So it is my best choice.
解析 句意:——你為什么選擇去一家國(guó)際旅行社工作?——哦你知道英語(yǔ)是我的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。因此這是我的最佳選擇。形容詞性物主代詞my后跟名詞意為“長(zhǎng)處強(qiáng)項(xiàng)”。
答案 strength
(2011·湖北)Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big
(commit)
解析 句意:放棄工作回去接受全日制教育是個(gè)巨大的“投入”但是現(xiàn)在我意識(shí)到那是我所作出的最正確的決定。commitment“花費(fèi)使用(資金、
答案 commitment
用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空
(2024·江蘇)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's
wet blanket.
解析 句意:——為什a wet blanket 令人掃興的人或物。
答案 a
2.(2024·浙江)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write
children's book
for many years, but one thing or another always got in
way.
解析 句意:瓊的奶奶多年來(lái)一直想寫(xiě)一本兒童書(shū)籍但總有這樣那樣的事情阻礙她不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。考查冠詞。第一空表泛指故用不定冠詞a;第二空為固定表達(dá)get in the way妨礙阻礙。
答案 a; the
(2024·重慶)I just heard
bank where Dora works was robbed by
gunman wearing a mask.
解析 句意:我剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)Dora 工作的銀行被一位蒙面持槍歹徒搶劫了。第一空為特指表示“Dora 工作的那家銀行”第二空為泛指表示“一位蒙面持槍歹徒”。
答案 the; a
(2024·陜西)
more learned a man is,
more modest he usually
becomes.
解析 句意:一個(gè)人的知識(shí)越是淵博他通常就越謙虛??疾楣潭ù钆?。the more...the more...越……越……。
答案 The;the
(2024·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be
Beethoven.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:Brian在創(chuàng)作音樂(lè)上極有才華他很有可能成為一個(gè)像貝多芬那樣的人才。本題考查不定冠詞在人名前表示:一個(gè)像……那樣的人。
答案 a
(2024·陜西)
village where I was born has grown into
town.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:我出生的那個(gè)小村莊已經(jīng)變成了一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)了。根據(jù)句意可知我出生的村莊”由定語(yǔ)從句修飾表特指用定冠詞the;而第二空應(yīng)是泛指。
答案 The;a
(2024·天津)Life is like
ocean:Only
strong-willed can
reach the other shore.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:生活就像一個(gè)大洋只有那些意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)者才能到達(dá)彼岸。此句中的ocean是可數(shù)名詞且是第一次出現(xiàn)故用an;第二個(gè)空中the+表示一類(lèi)人。
答案 an;the
(2024·浙江)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days
week,often long into
night.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:這篇論文預(yù)計(jì)下個(gè)月寫(xiě)完我一星期工作七天經(jīng)常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期;第二空為習(xí)慣用法如work into the night工作到深夜。
答案 a;the
(2024·重慶)I can't tell you
way to the Wilson's because we don't have
Wilson here in the village.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:我無(wú)法告訴你去威爾遜家怎么走因?yàn)槲覀兇鍥](méi)有叫威爾遜的。由句意可知前者是特指后者為泛指。
答案 the;a
(2024·江西)They chose Tom to be
captain of the team because they
knew he was
smart leader.
解析 考查冠詞用法。句意:因?yàn)樗麄冎罍肥且晃痪鞯念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)所以就選他當(dāng)球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。可知第一空用定冠詞是特指這個(gè)球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)第二
答案 the;a
(2024·福建)The “Chinese Dream” is
dream to improve people's well-being and
dream of harmony,
解析 考a,表示泛指概念。
答案 a;a
(2024·山東)It was
cold winter night and the moon was shining
brightly across
night sky.
解析 考查冠詞用法。第一空“一個(gè)寒冷的冬夜”應(yīng)用不定冠詞a;第二空“夜空”指獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物用定冠詞the。
答案 a;the
13.(2024·陜西19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on
Pacific Ocean on
his way to Java in
thirteenth century.
解析 句意:據(jù)說(shuō)十三世紀(jì)時(shí)馬可波羅曾經(jīng)橫渡太平洋前往爪哇。世界七大洲前不加the而四大洋前需要加the。in the...century意為“在……世紀(jì)”。
答案 the;the
(2024·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))India attained
independence in 1947,after
long struggle.
解析 考查冠詞用法。句意:印度在長(zhǎng)期抗?fàn)幒笥?947年獲得獨(dú)立。 attain independence獲得獨(dú)立是零冠詞用法;after a long struggle經(jīng)過(guò)一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的抗?fàn)巃表示數(shù)量。
答案 /;a
(2024·重慶)The parents were shocked by
news that their son needed
operation on his knee.
解析 考查冠詞。句中的news指的是that從句的內(nèi)容所以此處的news是特指the;第二空處意為“需要做一次手術(shù)”為泛指要用不定冠詞。
答案 the;an
(2024·江西)Animals are obviously
lower form of life than
man.
解析 本題考查冠詞。man表示“人類(lèi)”的意義時(shí)前面不加冠詞。form是可數(shù)名a修飾。句意:很明顯動(dòng)物是低于人類(lèi)的一種生命形式。
答案 a;/
(2024·遼寧)I woke up with
bad headache,yet by
evening
the pain had gone.
解析 句意:我醒來(lái)時(shí)頭很痛但到了晚上頭痛就a;第二空表示特指加the。
答案 a;the
(2024·浙江)The development of industry has been
gradual process
throughout
human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.
解析 考查冠詞。句意:在整個(gè)人類(lèi)歷史中工業(yè)的發(fā)展從石器時(shí)代到現(xiàn)代科技時(shí)代已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程。第一空process是可數(shù)名詞第一次出現(xiàn)一般用不定冠詞修飾且此次表示“一個(gè)”的概念;第二空existence是不可數(shù)名詞此處表示抽象概念故用零冠詞。
答案 a;/
(2011·重慶)In communication, a smile is usually
strong sign of a
friendly and
open attitude.
解析 考查冠詞的用法。句意:在相互交流中微笑通常是一種友好和開(kāi)放的態(tài)度的明顯特征。 a 用在可數(shù)名詞sign前泛指一類(lèi)事物;friendly and open 是并列關(guān)系修飾attitude。
答案 a;/
名詞是高考每年必考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。考查要點(diǎn)主要集中考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式可
數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞名詞所有格等。
冠詞是虛詞本身不能單獨(dú)使用也沒(méi)有詞義常放在名詞前面幫助說(shuō)明名詞
的含義與名詞共生共存。其考查的重點(diǎn)主要有:定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞的基本用法;冠詞的特殊用法;冠詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中和具體、真實(shí)語(yǔ)境中的用法;
冠詞在句中的位置以及冠詞在具體化的抽象名詞前的用法。