2024屆高考英語一輪復習學案：選修7 unit 21 Human Biology（北師大版）
?、?核心單詞→識記·思考·運用
一、單詞拼寫
1．(2024·湖北，閱讀D) Without gravity to help ________(循環)air，the carbon dioxide you exhale has a tendency to form an invisible cloud around your head.
2．She is continually ________(濫用)her position by getting other people to do things for her.
3．The ________(根本的) cause of his success is his hard work.
4．*(2024·山東，10)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may ________(尋找) opportunities abroad.
5．In China we are carrying a nine－year ________(義務的) education movement.
6．Lacking money，they had to ________(推遲) their plan.
7．I engaged a young woman as a ________(臨時的) secretary.
8．They've promised a ________(詳盡的)inquiry into the plane crash.
9．*Their position in international trade rapidly ________(下降)．
10．(2024·湖北，24)The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the ________(情況) that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
答案 1.circulate 2.abusing 3.fundamental 4.seek 5.compulsory
6．postpone 7.temporary 8.thorough 9.declined 10.circumstances
二、用所給詞的適當形式填空
1．(2024·浙江，閱讀B)And as far as your body is ________(concern)，it's“use it or lose it”！
2．From now on any ______(violate) of the regulation must be cruelly punished.
3．Tomorrow is the last date for ________(submit) of entries for the competition.
4．Hard work keeps away poverty.________(tolerate) keeps away violence.
5．We ________(prohibition)air guns and the weapons that might wound someone.
6．This is a modern，bright and well ________ hospital，and its ________ is of the first level.(equip)
7．Several ________ ________ the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest ________ of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)
8．As we all know，an ________ meeting is held ________．(annual)
答案 1.concerned 2.violation 3.submission 4.Toleration 5.prohibit
6．equipped；equipment 7.robbers robbed；robbery 8.annual；annually
三、開心詞場
It is reported that the building of the factory was postponed，because the villagers living near opposed it.They prohibited the workers from going on their work，for they couldn't tolerate the big noise.It was known to people that the factory was responsible for it.However，the factory didn't want to submit to the villagers. They were seeking good solutions to the matter.
【聯想·積累】
表示“尋找，搜尋”的詞匯
①look for 尋找
?、趕earch for 搜尋
?、踫eek for 尋找
?、躧unt for 搜尋，尋找
由decline所想到的
①表示“增加”：rise，increase，go up
?、诒硎尽皽p少”：fall，drop，decrease，decline，go down
詞匯拓展
?、賝ppose vt.反對→opposite adj.相反的；反對的 n．反義詞→opposition n．反方；對立面→opposed adj.相反的，對立的
?、趂aith n．信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠實的→faithfully adv.忠實地，真誠地
?、踗ortune n．大筆錢財；巨款 →fortunate adj.幸運的→fortunately adv.幸運地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
?、躢oncern n．擔心，擔憂→concerned adj.擔心的；有關的→concerning prep.關于
Ⅱ.重點短語→識記·思考·運用
一、補全短語
1．*straight ________ 立刻，馬上
2．stop sth ________ its tracks 終止；消
3．________ any rate 無論如何；至少
4．________ random 隨便地，隨意地
5．________ all costs 不管多大代價
答案 1.away 2.in 3.at 4.at 5.at
二、短語填空
wipe out；rob...of；*get down to；bring up；get through；clear up；put off；miss out；focus on；in vain
1．I was ____________ my wallet in front of the hotel.
2．The noise made it hard for me to ____________ my work.
3．It is raining now，but I think it will ____________ soon.
4．He will ____________ the marks with an eraser.
5．It's not an easy task for you to ____________ a small child on your own.
6．I tried to make his peace with her，but ____________．
7．It's time I ____ thinking about that essay.
8．They have decided to ____________ handing in their reports.
9．Had the boy worked harder，he would have ____________ the exams.
10．I'll just read through the form again to make sure I haven't ________ anything ________．
答案 1.robbed of 2.focus on 3.clear up 4.wipe out 5.bring up 6.in vain 7.got down to 8.put off 9.got through 10.missed；out
【聯想·積累】
①immediately adv.立即，即刻
?、趇nstantly adv.即刻，馬上
?、踑t once 立即
④in no time 立刻，馬上
⑤in a flash 即刻
⑥right now/away 立刻
⑦straight away 立刻
表示“開始/著手做某事”的短語精選
①get down to doing sth
②set out to do sth
?、踫et about doing sth
?、躶ettle down to sth
?、輘tart/begin doing/to do sth
?、?經典句式→識記·思考·運用
1．It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.(it作形式主語)
獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。
[仿寫]________________ a key university with such a low score.
這樣低的分數被重點大學錄取是不可能的。
2．The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(rather than而不是)
人們不惜任何代價想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。
[仿寫]As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard ________________．
作為學生，我們應當通過努力學習而非
3．*Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.(sb/sth be believed to...某人或某物被認為是……)
西班牙流感在18個月內使多達5千萬人喪命，并且發病的傾向為年輕力壯的而不是老年人，它被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行性傳染病。
[仿寫]The book ________________ several foreign languages.
這本書據說已被翻譯成了好幾種外國語言。
答案 1.It is impossible to be admitted to 2.rather than cheating in exams
3．is said to have been translated into
【聯想·積累】
“sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”用法小結
(1) “sb/sth is/was believed＋to be/do”為固定結構，意為“人們認為(相信)……，被認為是/做……”，其中的不定式作主語補足語。常用于這種句型的動詞有say/hope/think/report/know等。動詞用/希望/認為/報道/眾所周知……”。
(2)當動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前時，不定式用完成式；強調動作正在進行時，不定式用進行式。
(3)sb/sth be believed/said/thought/reported...to be/do...句型可轉化為People believe/say/think/report...(that)．../It is believed/said/thought/reported...that...“人們相信/說//報道……”。
?、?單元語法→識記·思考·運用
條件句與混合條件句
用所給詞的適當形式填空
1．If Mother ________(tell) me the truth when I was young，I would not make such mistakes so often now.
2．You could answer most of the questions now if you ________(review) the lessons last night.
3．If you had studied hard before，you ________(be) a college student now.
4．*I didn't hear the phone.I must (be) asleep.
5．*I could ________(work) out the problem，but I was too nervous.
答案 1.had told 2.had reviewed 3.would be 4.have been 5.have worked
【聯想·積累】
混合條件句
當條件狀語從句所表示的行為和主句所
If you had taken the doctor's advice，you would be better now.
如果你接受了醫生的建議，你現在就會好多了。
[單 詞 點 睛]
1．seek (sought，sought)vt.尋找，尋求；追求；探求；探索；試圖
[高考例句](2024·重慶，閱讀B)Besides，businesses seek to appeal to customers' senses.
此外，商業公司尋求吸引顧客們的感官。
seek sth from sb 向某人請求/尋求某物
seek after/for sb(sth) 尋求某人(某物)
seek one's fortune 尋找成功(致富)的機會
seek out 找出；尋出
seek to do sth 試圖做某事
①They sought ________ a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.
他們找到了一個可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。
?、贖e told us that he was going to Beijing ____________ (seek)his fortune and I suggested that he should seek advice ____________ his teacher and shouldn't seek ________ comfort，personal fame or gain.
他告訴我們他要去北京碰碰運氣，我建議他這件事情他應該請教他的老師，不要一味地貪圖安逸，追名逐利。
答案?、賝ut?、趖o seek；from；after/for
2．oppose vt.& vi.反對；反抗
[教材原句]Gene－therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.
基因治療有很多爭議，許多人反對進一步研究。
(1)oppose doing sth 反對做某事
oppose sb's doing sth 反對某人做某事
(2)opposed adj.相反的；對立的
be opposed to (doing) sth 反對(做)某事；與(做)某事對立
①Her wealthy parents opposed/were opposed to ________(she)marrying a boy from a poor family.
她那富有的父母反對她同貧寒家庭的孩子結婚。
②We all strongly oppose ________(drive)after drinking. 我們都強烈反對酒后駕駛。
答案?、賖er?、赿riving
3．postpone vt.推遲；延期
[教材原句]I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.
我決定不推遲學習(就像我平常那樣！)，而是每天早上早點起床立刻開始學習。
postpone doing sth 延緩做某事，推遲做某事
postpone sth until/to...把某事推遲到……
?、賅e are postponing our trip ________ the weather is fine. 我們推遲旅行直到天氣晴好。
②Our school has decided to postpone ________(hold)the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.
我們學校已決定推遲舉行運動會，因為雨太大。
答案?、賢o/until ②holding
4．prohibit vt.禁止
[教材原句]Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.
“非典”疫潮結束后，科學家們就在做醫學實驗以預防將來再次爆發。
(1)prohibit (doing) sth 禁止(做)某事
(2)禁止某人做某事
(3)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令
?、?4 departments are working together ________(prohibit)the hunting of wild animals in the province.
14個部門正在共同努力禁止在全
?、赟ome people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.
?。絊ome people think that it's necessary to prohibit people ________(use) mobile phones in some places.
一些人認為有必要禁止人們在一些場合使用手機。
答案 ①to prohibit?、趂rom using
【聯想歸納】類似于“prohibit sb from doing sth”的表達法：
阻止某人做某事
protect sb from...保護某人不受傷害……
5．decline vi.& vt.下降；衰退；謝絕 n．下降；衰退
[高考例句](2024·天津，完形)Although her description sounded wonderful，the price was beyond our range，so we declined.
盡管她的描述聽起來很精彩，但這所房子
寫出下列句中decline的詞性和含義
?、買 invited her to my wedding，but she declined my invitation.____________
?、赥he company reported a small decline in its profits.
____________
?、跿he number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month.
____________
?、躀ndustry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.
____________
(1)decline to do sth 婉拒做某事
(2)decline in/of sth 在某方面減少/下降
on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline 開始衰落，陷入衰退
?、軹he number of people who run the red light has been ________ the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
自從
?、轙he intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry fall ________ a decline.
來自海外的激烈競爭導致國內棉花產業的衰退。
答案 ①v.謝絕 ②n.下降?、踲.下降 ④n.衰退 ⑤on ⑥into
6．equip vt.使有準備；配備；裝備
[牛津例句]The boys equipped themselves with torches and rope，and set off.
男孩們帶上火把和繩索出發了。
(1)equip...with...用……裝備……
equip...for sth/to do sth 為了……而裝備……
be equipped for/to do sth 為……裝備好；做好準備
(2)equipment [U]n.設備，設施
?、?2024·遼寧，閱讀D)Now it means a small piece of ________(equip) that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations.
現在它意味著它是人們用來偷聽他人的談話秘密的一小件設備。
Your education will equip you ________ your future life. 你所受的教育將使你能適應今后的生活。
答案?、賓quipment?、趂or
7．submit vt.提交；遞交vi.& vt.服從，屈服
[教材原句] You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.
你本應該在6月14日提交它(文章)。
submit...to...把……提交給……；向……提出
submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受，服從
submit to 服從于，屈服于
①They had to submit ________(they)to his judgement. 他們不得不服從他的判決。
