2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題技能突破演練：7 閱讀理解之指代對象題（含解析）
專題技能突破(7)閱讀理解之指代對象題
【技能講解】 “代詞指代對象題”解題技巧——語境線索法,對于考查代詞指代對象的試題，通常要根據(jù)上下文語境來猜測代詞的含義。首先要了解代詞指代的是名詞、短語、句子還是人物、時間或行為，然后找到離該詞最近的名詞、短語或句子，因為它們最有可能是被代替的內(nèi)容。若就近找不到答案，可以根據(jù)文章的線索向上尋找，直到找到指代的對象為止。注意，代詞指代的對象一般不在下文，因此只需往上文找即可。找到可能正確的指代內(nèi)容后可代入原文，進(jìn)行驗證，如內(nèi)容恰當(dāng)，即為正確答案。典例剖析
1.[2024·浙江高考，C篇]If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night:
We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
QWhat does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A．The night. B．The moon.
C．The sky.
D．The planet.
[答案] A 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with night.”可知，事實上，雖然我們并不承認(rèn)自己是白晝生物，但很多時候我們總是用光來照亮夜晚，故此處it指代前面的“the night”。故選A項。
2．[2024·湖南高考，A篇]．..
Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians),
ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
QThe underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.
A．a(chǎn)ccidents
B．vehicles
C．pedestrians
D．cyclists
[答案] D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第三封信第一段第一句的主語“Cyclists”可知，該信主要是對騎自行車者的抱怨和建議；結(jié)合畫線詞所在句中的“they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident”可知，騎自行車者應(yīng)該注冊登記并購買保險，這樣當(dāng)他們撞上行人或車輛，引發(fā)事故時，可以被查出，承擔(dān)責(zé)任。由此可推知，“they”指代的是“cyclists”。故D項正確。
3．[2024·福建高考，B篇]．..
Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There's so much to learn，” he'd say. “Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒絕) an education.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
QThe underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”．
A．one new thing
B．a(chǎn) request
C．the news
D．some comment
[答案] C 指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知，吃晚飯的時候，作者一家人會談?wù)撨@一天所發(fā)生的資訊，不管這些事是多么的無關(guān)緊要。由此可推知，“it”指代的是這句話中的“the news”。故答案選C。
技能演練
1.Have you heard of the term “tweenager” ? It's a new word being used in the UK to describe children between the ages of about 10 and 12. Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?
Well, more and more companies are beginning to create products and services for tweenagers. The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show, music, films and products to tweenagers and their parents.
You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones, to fan magazines and clothing.
The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audience. So, it's all about sales, which tells us tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they have ever had before.
...
在英國，隨著科技的進(jìn)步和生活水平的提高，孩子越來越受關(guān)注。本文就講述了tweenager(大約10至12歲之間的孩子)的變化。
QThe underlined word “they” in the second paragraph most probably refers to “________”．
A．companies
B．sales
C．tweenagers
D．their parents
答案：C 指代判斷題。現(xiàn)在的孩子比以前的孩子有更多的零花錢、更多的自由，以及對家長的影響更大了。這里是拿現(xiàn)在的孩子跟以前的孩子對比，所以選C。
2．...
Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍衛(wèi)) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for some else：“Why's your car HERE at HER place？” The note became the starting point for Rothbard's addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.
...
QThe underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A．the readers
B．the editors
C．the found photographs
D．the self-published magazines
答案：D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍衛(wèi)) found photographs.”以及第二句中畫線后的“called simply Found”可推知，them指代“self－published art magazines”，所以選D。
3．[2024·山西聯(lián)考]．..
The
latest
Chinese “god
song” (an
Internet
term
to describe pop songs that spread virally through the Internet) is still stirring up fierce debates between those who view it as a milestone for Chinese pop music going global and those who regard it as a bad image of China.
Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_duo performed the song at the 2024 American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Another Chinese pop singer, Zhang Jie, won the International Artist Award.
...
QWhat do the underlined words “the duo” refer to?
A．Little Apple.
B．Chopsticks Brothers.
C．Zhang Jie.
D．American singers.
答案：B 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Last
week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_duo performed the song at the 2024 American Music Awards in Los Angeles.”可推知，the duo的意思是“一對表演者”，此處代指《小蘋果》的表演者“筷子兄弟”，故選B項。
4．[2024·南昌一模]．..
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (凍原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow
horizontal (水平的) branches
low
to
the
ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
QWhat does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．To produce more seeds.
B．To move northward
C．To respond to the climate change.
D．To protect themselves from the cold wind.
答案：D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”可知，畫線詞this指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”，即D項正確。
專題技能突破(7)閱讀理解之指代對象題
【技能講解】 “代詞指代對象題”解題技巧——語境線索法,對于考查代詞指代對象的試題，通常要根據(jù)上下文語境來猜測代詞的含義。首先要了解代詞指代的是名詞、短語、句子還是人物、時間或行為，然后找到離該詞最近的名詞、短語或句子，因為它們最有可能是被代替的內(nèi)容。若就近找不到答案，可以根據(jù)文章的線索向上尋找，直到找到指代的對象為止。注意，代詞指代的對象一般不在下文，因此只需往上文找即可。找到可能正確的指代內(nèi)容后可代入原文，進(jìn)行驗證，如內(nèi)容恰當(dāng)，即為正確答案。典例剖析
1.[2024·浙江高考，C篇]If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night:
We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
QWhat does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A．The night. B．The moon.
C．The sky.
D．The planet.
[答案] A 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with night.”可知，事實上，雖然我們并不承認(rèn)自己是白晝生物，但很多時候我們總是用光來照亮夜晚，故此處it指代前面的“the night”。故選A項。
2．[2024·湖南高考，A篇]．..
Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians),
ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
QThe underlined word “they” in the third letter refers to ________.
A．a(chǎn)ccidents
B．vehicles
C．pedestrians
D．cyclists
[答案] D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第三封信第一段第一句的主語“Cyclists”可知，該信主要是對騎自行車者的抱怨和建議；結(jié)合畫線詞所在句中的“they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident”可知，騎自行車者應(yīng)該注冊登記并購買保險，這樣當(dāng)他們撞上行人或車輛，引發(fā)事故時，可以被查出，承擔(dān)責(zé)任。由此可推知，“they”指代的是“cyclists”。故D項正確。
3．[2024·福建高考，B篇]．..
Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. “There's so much to learn，” he'd say. “Though we're born stupid, only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒絕) an education.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
QThe underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”．
A．one new thing
B．a(chǎn) request
C．the news
D．some comment
[答案] C 指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知，吃晚飯的時候，作者一家人會談?wù)撨@一天所發(fā)生的資訊，不管這些事是多么的無關(guān)緊要。由此可推知，“it”指代的是這句話中的“the news”。故答案選C。
技能演練
1.Have you heard of the term “tweenager” ? It's a new word being used in the UK to describe children between the ages of about 10 and 12. Why are the media suddenly referring to kids in this way?
Well, more and more companies are beginning to create products and services for tweenagers. The Disney company sells the Hannah Montana television show, music, films and products to tweenagers and their parents.
You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and cellphones, to fan magazines and clothing.
The High School Musical series of films is also intended for a tweenage audience. So, it's all about sales, which tells us tweenagers must have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they have ever had before.
...
在英國，隨著科技的進(jìn)步和生活水平的提高，孩子越來越受關(guān)注。本文就講述了tweenager(大約10至12歲之間的孩子)的變化。
QThe underlined word “they” in the second paragraph most probably refers to “________”．
A．companies
B．sales
C．tweenagers
D．their parents
答案：C 指代判斷題。現(xiàn)在的孩子比以前的孩子有更多的零花錢、更多的自由，以及對家長的影響更大了。這里是拿現(xiàn)在的孩子跟以前的孩子對比，所以選C。
2．...
Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍衛(wèi)) found photographs. One of them,_called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry note intended for some else：“Why's your car HERE at HER place？” The note became the starting point for Rothbard's addictive publication, which features found photographs sent in by readers, such a poster discovered in our drawer.
...
QThe underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A．the readers
B．the editors
C．the found photographs
D．the self-published magazines
答案：D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍衛(wèi)) found photographs.”以及第二句中畫線后的“called simply Found”可推知，them指代“self－published art magazines”，所以選D。
3．[2024·山西聯(lián)考]．..
The
latest
Chinese “god
song” (an
Internet
term
to describe pop songs that spread virally through the Internet) is still stirring up fierce debates between those who view it as a milestone for Chinese pop music going global and those who regard it as a bad image of China.
Last week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_duo performed the song at the 2024 American Music Awards in Los Angeles. Another Chinese pop singer, Zhang Jie, won the International Artist Award.
...
QWhat do the underlined words “the duo” refer to?
A．Little Apple.
B．Chopsticks Brothers.
C．Zhang Jie.
D．American singers.
答案：B 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Last
week, Little Apple, written and performed by the Chopsticks Brothers, won the AMA International Song Award and the_duo performed the song at the 2024 American Music Awards in Los Angeles.”可推知，the duo的意思是“一對表演者”，此處代指《小蘋果》的表演者“筷子兄弟”，故選B項。
4．[2024·南昌一模]．..
Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.
In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (凍原) starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this,_plants tend to grow
horizontal (水平的) branches
low
to
the
ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.
QWhat does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．To produce more seeds.
B．To move northward
C．To respond to the climate change.
D．To protect themselves from the cold wind.
答案：D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”可知，畫線詞this指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”，即D項正確。
