2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)知能訓(xùn)練：人教版選修八 Unit 1《A land of diversity》
課時(shí)知能訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.完形填空
Just before Christmas 1978，Kenneth was a passenger in a car as it drove through the Navajo Nation.The night was dark，and the driver，an elderly woman，__1__ and killed an eight-year-old boy.
Later，when he saw how sad the boy's family were，Kenneth made a(n) __2__.He would “do whatever it takes to make __3__happy at Christmas time”．
A year later，at the age of 18，he was living with his mother and younger brother.They were hardly making ends meet on his low wages，but Kenneth bought a used Santa suit and went around __4__ people as poor as himself to give candy and fruit for families even more needy.
Just before midnight on Christmas Eve，he went knocking on doors of __5__houses in the poorest section of the Navajo Nation.Many of the darkened homes didn't have __6__.
Some families were __7__ to open their doors so late at night.“It's a man! He has a big bag！” He __8__a boy，holding up a lantern and watching from behind the curtains，tell his parents.Kenneth convinced them he was __9__.
At every opened door，he __10__ candies，oranges，toys and so on.Many Navajo kids had never seen __11__ before，so his old costume and store-bought beard didn't __12__ them.It touched Kenneth that the kids were excited by so __13__.
He __14__ it up year after year，gathering more “elves (精靈)” to help him.His Christmas Eve __15__ have grown into an annual Navajo feast with gifts of clothing，tools and toys for over 700 people.Kids who can't make it to the event because they're sick or lack transportation get a personal visit from Kenneth or one of his elves.
“My grandfather taught me that you learn to be a man by sharing and by keeping promises，” he says.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 圣誕節(jié)悲慘的一幕，使Kenneth許下了一個(gè)諾言：讓所有的孩子在圣誕節(jié)快快樂(lè)樂(lè)。盡管自己很貧窮，但他還是給孩子們送去了節(jié)日的喜悅。同時(shí)也表達(dá)了這樣一個(gè)信念：作為真正的人必須學(xué)會(huì)分享，必須遵守諾言。
1．A.struckB．touched
C．found
D．stopped
【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，司機(jī)打了那個(gè)小男孩并置他于死地。故A項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 A
2．A.conclusion
B．excuse
C．promise
D．effort
【解析】 考查名詞詞義辨析。conclusion意為“結(jié)論”；excuse意為“借口”；promise意為“諾言”；effort意為“努力”。聯(lián)系下文可知，Kenneth許下了一個(gè)諾言。故C項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 C3．A.the family
B．children
C．brothers D．his mother
【解析】 考查名詞在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。聯(lián)系下文Kenneth在圣誕時(shí)給孩子們分發(fā)禮物可知，他承諾要使所有的孩子高興。故B項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 B
4．A.suggesting
B．persuading
C．requiring
D．calling
【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。盡管Kenneth生活拮據(jù)，但他還是勸說(shuō)跟他一樣窮的人給更窮困的家庭一些糖果和水果。故B項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 B
5．A.old
B．big
C．bright
D．lonely
【解析】 考查形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“in the poorest section”可知，這些房子很舊了。故A項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 A
6．A.electricity
B．food
C．doors
D．windows
【解析】 考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文“...holding up a lantern”可知，房子沒(méi)電。故A項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 A
7．A.happy
B．a(chǎn)ngry
C．a(chǎn)fraid D．eager
【解析】 考查形容詞詞義辨析。結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容可知，由于天太晚，又沒(méi)電，好多家里不敢開(kāi)門(mén)。故C項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 C
8．A.thought
B．hoped
C．let
D．heard
【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。聯(lián)系上文可知，Kenneth聽(tīng)到一個(gè)男孩和父母說(shuō)話。故D項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 D
9．A.gentle
B．generous
C．harmless
D．helpful
【解析】 考查形容詞詞義辨析。gentle意為“溫和的”；generous意為“慷慨的”；harmless意為“無(wú)害的”；helpful意為“有益的”。聯(lián)系語(yǔ)境知，Kenneth想辦法使他們確信自己并無(wú)惡意。故C項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 C
10．A.reached for
B．put down
C．picked out
D．handed out
【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。reach for意為“伸手去拿”；put down意為“鎮(zhèn)壓，記下”；pick out意為“挑選”；hand out意為“分發(fā)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他把帶的東西分給了他們。故D項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 D
11．A.Kenneth
B．candies
C．elves
D．Santa Claus
【解析】 考查句子理解。聯(lián)系下文可知，這里許多孩子以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)圣誕老人，因此他的舊衣服和買(mǎi)來(lái)的胡須并沒(méi)使他們失望。
【答案】 D
12．A.disappoint
B．satisfy
C．a(chǎn)ttract
D．please
【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。disappoint意為“使失望”；satisfy意為“滿意”；attract意為“吸引”；please意為“使高興”。聯(lián)系上文知，A項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 A
13．A.much
B．big
C．little
D．many
【解析】 考查形容詞在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境知，孩子們竟然為如此少的東西而感到興奮，這讓Kenneth很受感動(dòng)。故C項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 C
14．A.held
B．kept
C．gave
D．took
【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，年復(fù)一年，Kenneth一直保持著這個(gè)習(xí)慣。keep up意為“保持；繼續(xù)”。故B項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 B
15．A.gifts
B．experiences
C．excitements
D．visits
【解析】 考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，Kenneth的圣誕來(lái)訪慢慢變成了當(dāng)?shù)匾荒暌欢鹊墓?jié)日。visit來(lái)訪。符合語(yǔ)境。
【答案】 D
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空
The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar.For thousands of years，the festival 1.________(mark) by eating zong zi and racing dragon boats in honour of Qu Yuan，who is said to have committed suicide(自殺) by drowning himself.
Qu was a minister of the State of Chu 2.________(situate) in the present-day Hunan and Hubei provinces，during the Warring States Period (戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期)．He was upright，loyal and highly respected.3.________，he was dismissed from office.4.________(realize) that the country was in the hands of evil officials，Qu leapt into River Miluo on the fifth day of the fifth month.Nearby fishermen rushed over to save him but were 5.________(able) to recover his body.
The people of Chu 6.________mourned Qu's death threw rice into the river to feed his ghost 7.________year on the day of his death.But one year，the spirit of Qu appeared and told the mourners that a huge reptile (爬行動(dòng)物)in the river had stolen the rice.The spirit then advised 8.________to wrap the rice and bind it 9.________throwing it into the river.
During the Duanwu Festival，zong zi is eaten to symbolize (象征，表示) the rice offerings to Qu.And the dragon-boat races symbolize 10.________many attempts to rescue and recover Qu's body.
【答案】 1.has been marked 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)For thousands of years可知，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示端午節(jié)一直以來(lái)都以吃粽子和賽龍舟的方式進(jìn)行慶祝，而且將來(lái)也會(huì)如此，故填has been marked。
2．situated 表示某地方位于何地時(shí)，用be situated in/on，句中“situated...”相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句“which was situated...”。
3．However 前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而空格前后都有標(biāo)點(diǎn)，故應(yīng)填副詞However。
4．Realizing 因邏輯主語(yǔ)Qu與realize是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填Realizing。
5．unable 由but可知，漁民未能救活他，故用與able相反意思的unable。
6．who 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞是The people of Chu，故應(yīng)填who。
7．every 根據(jù)常識(shí)，是指“每一”年。
8．them 代替the mourners，在句中作賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填them。
9．before 因“將它裹好、綁好”應(yīng)是在“將粽子扔進(jìn)河里”之前，才不會(huì)被河里的一種爬行動(dòng)物偷吃，故應(yīng)填介詞before。
10．the 因many/little/few等詞在后面有定語(yǔ)從句或不定式等成分修飾時(shí)，其前面用the表特指，故該處填the。
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
Parents often say，“I don't understand why my child is acting this way.We've given him everything in the world，and he just wants more.He's never happy.He doesn't enjoy what he has.”
For some reason，we often feel that if we give our child everything he wants to keep him happy，he should behave the way we want him to.An important part of meeting children's emotional(情感的)needs is to set limits often and firmly in a loveing way.Pardnts who learn to set limits in a loving way set them more often because they don't have to wait until they've “had it up to here” to do so.
A therapeutic(治療的)way of setting limits is called ACT：Acknowledge the feeling，communicate the limit，and target the choice.Necessarily，you're saying to the child，“I understand how you feel.It's OK to feel that way，but you can't act that way when you feel like that.You can act this way when you feel like that.” It's also important to communicate this message in a loving way，not an angry way.
Using ACT limit-setting teaches children to cope with their emotions and to find appropriate behavioral expressions that don't hurt the children themselves.It can also be used to teach children to delay gratification(滿意)．Here are some examples of how it works.If your child wants a toy when you're at the store and you don't want to buy it，you can say，(A)“You love that toy and want it right now，(C)but we're not spending any money on toys today.(T)You can put it on your wish list for birthday or Christmas.”
Using this technique，you'll learn to set reasonable limits that work.If you set limits too severely，you're also more likely to give in，because you feel guilty.If you don't follow through with a consequence or you make one that's too severe，you teach your child not to trust you.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文主要向讀者介紹了如何對(duì)待孩子的情感滿足問(wèn)題，著重介紹了“ACT technique”，什么是“ACT technique”，如何運(yùn)用以及運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)暮锰幍取?/p>
1．The first paragraph is mainly to show that ________.
A．parents can't get along well with children
B．children's emotions are hard to meet
C．parents don't understand children at all
D．children are the real burden to parents
【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，父母總是說(shuō)孩子老是不滿足父母已經(jīng)給予的很多東西，總是想要更多，還常常不高興，不享受他們所擁有的。這表明孩子的情感世界是很難滿足的，故答案選B。
【答案】 B
2．As parents，once we give children what they want，we hope that ________.
A．children learn to share it with us
B．children act the way we want them to
C．children should be thankful to us
D．children should still do what they like
【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段和第一句話，作為父母，我們通常希望在滿足了孩子的要求后，他能夠如父母所希望的那樣，好好表現(xiàn)。故答案選B。
【答案】 B
3．Which of the following is C in using ACT technique to deal with a child whose sister refused to play with him?
A．Tom，I know you want to play with Lucy.
B．You can play with her tomorrow.
C．But Lucy has to do her homework now.
D．Tom，you shall not disturb Lucy.
【解析】 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ACT”的定義以及第四段所舉的例子可知，A項(xiàng)屬于acknowledge the feeling，B項(xiàng)屬于target the choice，C項(xiàng)屬于 communicate the limit，D項(xiàng)過(guò)于嚴(yán)厲。故本題選C。
【答案】 C
4．According to the text，when using ACT technique，we should ________.
A．use it in a loving way
B．behave very seriously
C．make efforts to be angry
D．try to make children satisfied
【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“It's also important to communicate this message in a loving way，not an angry way.”可知，父母在運(yùn)用“ACT”時(shí)，務(wù)必態(tài)度溫和，不可語(yǔ)氣生硬。故答案選A。
【答案】 A
5．What's the main idea of the text?
A．The relationship between children and parents.
B．The advantages of ACT technique.
C．The way to deal with children.
D．The introduction of ACT technique.
【解析】 主旨大意題。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知文章著重介紹了什么是“ACT technique”，如何運(yùn)用以及運(yùn)用得當(dāng)?shù)暮锰幍取９蚀鸢高xD。
【答案】 D
B
In 2006，I spent 3 glorious weeks in South Africa.It was my first time traveling on the African continent and truly each day was filled with one adventure after another.That was the craziest and the most dangerous experience I have ever had.
On the morning of the excursion，I met with my friends for breakfast，with little conversation.I supposed we were nervous about the day ahead of us.The coach then drove us from Cape Town to Dyer Island in Gansbaii.
As soon as we got to our destination，we were quickly pushed into a boat.About 2 hours into the boat we spotted our first shark.It was one of the world's deadliest predators(食肉動(dòng)物)—a Great White shark.Our guide told us that we had to get into the water immediately.Without any formal preparation or instruction，we put our thick wet suits on and jumped into the iron cage.
There I was in this tiny cage with 3 Great White sharks circling around me.I tried desperately to take pictures with my underwater camera，not letting my hands and feet drift(漂)out of the cage.
When I took a breath，life above the water seemed chaotic(混亂的)．But，I would drop back under the water and life would seem to stop existing.And the sharks that always appeared frightening on TV or in photographs actually appeared peaceful in person.
After an hour，I decided it was probably time for me to get out once the sharks started to become really aggressive.I waited until the very last second I could，since I knew I would probably never do this again.
6．What is the text mainly about?
A．My travel in Africa for the first time.
B．The Great White sharks in South Africa.
C．A thrilling experience of spotting Great White sharks.
D．The way to protect oneself when meeting with sharks.
【解析】 主旨大意題。文章主要敘述了作者在南非旅游時(shí)與鯊魚(yú)相遇的刺激經(jīng)歷，所以答案選C。
【答案】 C
7．When the author and his or her friends had breakfast，________.
A．they talked briefly about the plan that day
B．they discussed the sharks carefully
C．they were nervous about the coming event
