2024屆高三廣東北師大版英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：M2 unit 6《Design》（2）
2024屆高三廣東北師大版英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：
M2 unit 6 Design（2）
7. damage, destroy與 ruin
這三個(gè)詞都有“破壞；損壞”的意思，區(qū)別如下：
①damage一般暗示損壞或破壞具體的物品，損壞后價(jià)值或效益會(huì)降低。這種損壞是部分性的，程度不那么嚴(yán)重，還可以修復(fù)再用。也可用于表示損壞抽象的東西，有時(shí)該詞也用于比喻。
Haiti suffered great damage from the earthquake.
海地因?yàn)榈卣鹈墒芰司薮蟮膿p失。
②destroy通常指程度非常嚴(yán)重的“毀壞”，一般情況下不可以修復(fù)再用。另外，它既可表示毀壞具體的物品，也可表示毀壞抽象的東西。
③ruin多用于比喻中，有時(shí)指把某物損壞到了不能再使用的程度，還可指價(jià)值或用途降低等。注意ruin作名詞的一些短語(yǔ)：
in ruins成為廢墟
lead to one's ruin 導(dǎo)致某人的垮臺(tái)
go to ruin/fall into ruin/come to ruin 衰落，敗落
ruin one's hopes 使希望破滅
The accident ruined all his life.
這個(gè)事故毀了他一生。
1. 他們的傳統(tǒng)生活方式被完全破壞了。
Their traditional way of life has been ________ completely.
2. 這場(chǎng)地震給這座城市帶來(lái)了巨大的破壞。
The earthquake did a lot of ____________ to the city.
3. 我被那場(chǎng)官司毀了。我傾家蕩產(chǎn)了。
I ____________ by that law case; I'm a ruined man.
【答案】
1. destroyed
2. damage
3. was ruined
8. shape
①n. 形狀,定形,身材
in the shape of 成……的形狀
The gate was in the shape of a circle.
這個(gè)大門(mén)呈圓形。
out of shape 走樣,變形
The wheel had been twisted out of shape.
輪子已扭曲變形了。
take shape 成形
The garden is beginning to take shape.
這花園逐漸像樣了。
②vt. 做成某物的形狀,常用搭配shape sth. into sth.
shape the cracker into an animal
把餅干做成動(dòng)物的樣子
③vt. 對(duì)某人、某物有著重大影響,決定某事物
的性質(zhì)
It was the Greeks who shaped the thinking of
Western men.
正是希臘人影響了西方人的思維。
9. observe vt. 觀察；注意到；遵守；慶祝
We observed that it had turned cloudy.
我們注意到天已經(jīng)變陰了。
observe a rule 遵守規(guī)則
observe a person's birthday 慶祝某人的生日
observe sb. do sth. / doing sth.
看到某人做某事/正在做某事
observe on / upon… 說(shuō)……；評(píng)論……
observer n.
觀察者；遵守者；評(píng)論者
observant adj.
善于觀察的，機(jī)警的
observation n.
觀察，注意
observatory n.
天文臺(tái)；氣象臺(tái)；觀察臺(tái)
1. 他們忠實(shí)地遵守規(guī)則。
They faithfully ____________.
2. 全世界的中國(guó)人都慶祝春節(jié)。
Chinese all over the world ____________ the Spring Festival.
【答案】
1. observed the rules
2. observe
10. spare
①adj. 閑暇的,多余的,備用的
We have no spare room for a table.
我們沒(méi)有放桌子的空地方。
I have no spare money this month.
這個(gè)月我沒(méi)有余錢(qián)。
②vt. 抽出，騰出，讓給
I can’t spare you for that job; you must finish
this one first.
我不能讓你去做那件事；你必須先把這件做完。
spare sb. / sth. 不傷害某人或者某物
spare sb. sth. / spare sth. for sb.
為某人提供時(shí)間或者金錢(qián)
spare no effort/pains doing sth. / in sth.
不遺余力地做某事
I am so busy that I can’t even spare a minute to
have a rest.
我是如此的忙以致騰不出一分鐘來(lái)休息一下。
I can assure you we’ve spared no effort pushing
the sales of your products.
我可以向你保證在推銷(xiāo)你方產(chǎn)品時(shí)我們從沒(méi)
放松努力。
你空閑時(shí)間干什么？
_____________________________________
我們目前太忙，抽不出人來(lái)幫你。
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
What do you do in your spare time?
We’re too busy to spare anyone to help you right now.
11. work as 做……工作
I worked as a secretary after I graduated.
畢業(yè)后我做過(guò)秘書(shū)。
David has worked under a strict boss for nearly
two years.
大衛(wèi)在一個(gè)嚴(yán)格的老板手下已經(jīng)差不多工作
兩年了。
He found it very embarrassed to have to work
for his former employee.
他覺(jué)得要為他以前的雇員工作很尷尬。
I believe that you can work out this problem
by yourself.
我相信你自己能做出這道題的。
12. date / go back to, date from 追溯到……
This temple dates from the 15th century.
這座寺廟建于15世紀(jì)。
Whenever Grandma talks, she always likes to
go back to her youth days.
祖母只要一談話, 總是喜歡談到她的青年時(shí)代。
trace back to也可以譯為“追溯到……”,一般
要用人作主語(yǔ)；如果物作主語(yǔ)的話,則使用
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
The contact between our two countries can be
traced back to last century.
我們兩國(guó)之間的往來(lái)可以追溯到上個(gè)世紀(jì)。
這座教堂的歷史可以追溯到13世紀(jì)。
____________________________________
____________________________________
她很怕水,起因可歸于兒時(shí)的一次事故。
____________________________________
____________________________________
The history of this church dates from/back
to the 13th century.
Her fear of water can be traced back to a childhood accident.
1. But what I remembered most is moving a lot.
但是我記憶最深的就是多次搬家。
主語(yǔ)從句是what I remembered most，謂語(yǔ)
是is moving，狀語(yǔ)是a lot。
what 用來(lái)引導(dǎo)名詞性(主，賓，表，同位語(yǔ))
從句，同時(shí)在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。其含義
分解為：the＋n.＋that從句，意為“……的”。
引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；如
果表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
What surprised us most is that he was late.
(what充當(dāng)主語(yǔ))最讓我們吃驚的是他遲到了。
What he bought yesterday are 3 books.
(what充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))他昨天買(mǎi)的是3本書(shū)。
她已經(jīng)不是幾年前的她了。
____________________________________
我想要的是兩本漢英字典。
____________________________________
____________________________________
使我擔(dān)心的是我無(wú)法及時(shí)完成工作。
____________________________________
____________________________________
She is not what she was a few years ago.
What I want are two Chinese-English dictionaries.
What worries me is that I can’t finish the work in time.
2. But the house on Mango Street is not the way
they described it at all.
但是芒果街上的房子完全不是他們所描述
的樣子。
the way+定語(yǔ)從句
當(dāng)the way作先行詞,其后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句
可用in which或that引導(dǎo),也可省略。
She smiles the way (that / in which) her mother does.
她笑起來(lái)和她媽媽一樣。
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at him.
我不喜歡你嘲笑他的方式。
3. 比較結(jié)構(gòu)：as…as…等
as…as…意為“和……一樣……”,表示同級(jí)的
比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞,第二個(gè)
as為連詞。其基本用法為as+adj. / adv.+as…
This film is as interesting as that one (is).
這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine (does).
你的鋼筆書(shū)寫(xiě)起來(lái)和我的一樣流暢。
其否定式為not as / so+adj. / adv.+as…結(jié)構(gòu)。
This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think it is.
這部字典不如你想象的那樣有用。
I didn’t catch as many as I had expected.
我抓到的不如我預(yù)想的那么多。
若有修飾成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter
等,則其必須置于第一個(gè)as之前。
You are not half as clever as you think you are.
你可不像自己想象的一半聰明。
幾個(gè)關(guān)于as…as…的常見(jiàn)句型：
①as…as possible / sb. can 盡可能的
Please answer my question as soon as possible.
請(qǐng)盡快回答我的問(wèn)題。
②as…as usual / before 像以前一樣……
She looks as pretty as before.
她看起來(lái)和以前一樣漂亮。
③as long as 達(dá)……之久；和……一樣長(zhǎng)；只
要(引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句)
It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.
我們花了長(zhǎng)達(dá)3年時(shí)間才完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
④as far as 遠(yuǎn)至；就……而論,據(jù)……
He walked as far as the railway station yesterday
evening.
昨天晚上,他一直散步到火車(chē)站。
⑤as well as 和……一樣好；也；既……
又……；除……外,還……
She sings as well as she plays.
她唱得好,彈得也好。
He gave me his help as well as his criticism.
他除了給我批評(píng)外,還給我?guī)椭?這時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)幫助)
如何寫(xiě)好并列句(二)
辨清不同功能的并列連詞
在寫(xiě)作中，我們必須認(rèn)真分析被連接起來(lái)的簡(jiǎn)單句之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，然后選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞，才能真正寫(xiě)出質(zhì)量好的并列句。
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真研讀以下并列句，分析其邏輯關(guān)系。試試看，如果用別的功能的并列句連詞替換，邏輯關(guān)系是否會(huì)仍然成立？
【例1】 The plane made a sudden turn and all the passengers fell sideward.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句的意思在前一個(gè)分句的意思的基礎(chǔ)上有遞進(jìn)。
【例2】 He failed many times, but he didn't despair.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句的意思不是前一個(gè)分句意思的順接，而是出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折的結(jié)果。
【例3】 We stayed at home, for it was raining.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句是前一個(gè)分句的原因的補(bǔ)充。
【例4】 He didn't work hard, so he failed in the examination.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句是前一個(gè)分句的原因的補(bǔ)充。
【例5】 Hurry up, or you'll be late for class.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句的結(jié)果與前一個(gè)分句的結(jié)果是相反的。
由以上的例句可見(jiàn)，并列連詞的選擇也是要遵循句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，如果不小心，同樣會(huì)犯邏輯錯(cuò)誤。
請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給句子的信息及所提供的并列連詞完成句子
1.This girl did her work carefully, so…
________________________________________________________________________
2. I have to study harder, or…
_____________________________________________
This girl did her work carefully, so she never made any mistakes.
I have to study harder, or I will fall behind others.
3. I want to buy the jacket, but…
________________________________________________________________________
4. She didn't come to school today, for…
___________________________________________
5. You have to learn English, and…
________________________________________________________________________
I want to buy the jacket, but I do not have enough money.
She didn't come to school today, for she was ill.
You have to learn English, and you must learn it well.
2024屆高三廣東北師大版英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：
M2 unit 6 Design（2）
7. damage, destroy與 ruin
這三個(gè)詞都有“破壞；損壞”的意思，區(qū)別如下：
①damage一般暗示損壞或破壞具體的物品，損壞后價(jià)值或效益會(huì)降低。這種損壞是部分性的，程度不那么嚴(yán)重，還可以修復(fù)再用。也可用于表示損壞抽象的東西，有時(shí)該詞也用于比喻。
Haiti suffered great damage from the earthquake.
海地因?yàn)榈卣鹈墒芰司薮蟮膿p失。
②destroy通常指程度非常嚴(yán)重的“毀壞”，一般情況下不可以修復(fù)再用。另外，它既可表示毀壞具體的物品，也可表示毀壞抽象的東西。
③ruin多用于比喻中，有時(shí)指把某物損壞到了不能再使用的程度，還可指價(jià)值或用途降低等。注意ruin作名詞的一些短語(yǔ)：
in ruins成為廢墟
lead to one's ruin 導(dǎo)致某人的垮臺(tái)
go to ruin/fall into ruin/come to ruin 衰落，敗落
ruin one's hopes 使希望破滅
The accident ruined all his life.
這個(gè)事故毀了他一生。
1. 他們的傳統(tǒng)生活方式被完全破壞了。
Their traditional way of life has been ________ completely.
2. 這場(chǎng)地震給這座城市帶來(lái)了巨大的破壞。
The earthquake did a lot of ____________ to the city.
3. 我被那場(chǎng)官司毀了。我傾家蕩產(chǎn)了。
I ____________ by that law case; I'm a ruined man.
【答案】
1. destroyed
2. damage
3. was ruined
8. shape
①n. 形狀,定形,身材
in the shape of 成……的形狀
The gate was in the shape of a circle.
這個(gè)大門(mén)呈圓形。
out of shape 走樣,變形
The wheel had been twisted out of shape.
輪子已扭曲變形了。
take shape 成形
The garden is beginning to take shape.
這花園逐漸像樣了。
②vt. 做成某物的形狀,常用搭配shape sth. into sth.
shape the cracker into an animal
把餅干做成動(dòng)物的樣子
③vt. 對(duì)某人、某物有著重大影響,決定某事物
的性質(zhì)
It was the Greeks who shaped the thinking of
Western men.
正是希臘人影響了西方人的思維。
9. observe vt. 觀察；注意到；遵守；慶祝
We observed that it had turned cloudy.
我們注意到天已經(jīng)變陰了。
observe a rule 遵守規(guī)則
observe a person's birthday 慶祝某人的生日
observe sb. do sth. / doing sth.
看到某人做某事/正在做某事
observe on / upon… 說(shuō)……；評(píng)論……
observer n.
觀察者；遵守者；評(píng)論者
observant adj.
善于觀察的，機(jī)警的
observation n.
觀察，注意
observatory n.
天文臺(tái)；氣象臺(tái)；觀察臺(tái)
1. 他們忠實(shí)地遵守規(guī)則。
They faithfully ____________.
2. 全世界的中國(guó)人都慶祝春節(jié)。
Chinese all over the world ____________ the Spring Festival.
【答案】
1. observed the rules
2. observe
10. spare
①adj. 閑暇的,多余的,備用的
We have no spare room for a table.
我們沒(méi)有放桌子的空地方。
I have no spare money this month.
這個(gè)月我沒(méi)有余錢(qián)。
②vt. 抽出，騰出，讓給
I can’t spare you for that job; you must finish
this one first.
我不能讓你去做那件事；你必須先把這件做完。
spare sb. / sth. 不傷害某人或者某物
spare sb. sth. / spare sth. for sb.
為某人提供時(shí)間或者金錢(qián)
spare no effort/pains doing sth. / in sth.
不遺余力地做某事
I am so busy that I can’t even spare a minute to
have a rest.
我是如此的忙以致騰不出一分鐘來(lái)休息一下。
I can assure you we’ve spared no effort pushing
the sales of your products.
我可以向你保證在推銷(xiāo)你方產(chǎn)品時(shí)我們從沒(méi)
放松努力。
你空閑時(shí)間干什么？
_____________________________________
我們目前太忙，抽不出人來(lái)幫你。
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
What do you do in your spare time?
We’re too busy to spare anyone to help you right now.
11. work as 做……工作
I worked as a secretary after I graduated.
畢業(yè)后我做過(guò)秘書(shū)。
David has worked under a strict boss for nearly
two years.
大衛(wèi)在一個(gè)嚴(yán)格的老板手下已經(jīng)差不多工作
兩年了。
He found it very embarrassed to have to work
for his former employee.
他覺(jué)得要為他以前的雇員工作很尷尬。
I believe that you can work out this problem
by yourself.
我相信你自己能做出這道題的。
12. date / go back to, date from 追溯到……
This temple dates from the 15th century.
這座寺廟建于15世紀(jì)。
Whenever Grandma talks, she always likes to
go back to her youth days.
祖母只要一談話, 總是喜歡談到她的青年時(shí)代。
trace back to也可以譯為“追溯到……”,一般
要用人作主語(yǔ)；如果物作主語(yǔ)的話,則使用
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
The contact between our two countries can be
traced back to last century.
我們兩國(guó)之間的往來(lái)可以追溯到上個(gè)世紀(jì)。
這座教堂的歷史可以追溯到13世紀(jì)。
____________________________________
____________________________________
她很怕水,起因可歸于兒時(shí)的一次事故。
____________________________________
____________________________________
The history of this church dates from/back
to the 13th century.
Her fear of water can be traced back to a childhood accident.
1. But what I remembered most is moving a lot.
但是我記憶最深的就是多次搬家。
主語(yǔ)從句是what I remembered most，謂語(yǔ)
是is moving，狀語(yǔ)是a lot。
what 用來(lái)引導(dǎo)名詞性(主，賓，表，同位語(yǔ))
從句，同時(shí)在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。其含義
分解為：the＋n.＋that從句，意為“……的”。
引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；如
果表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
What surprised us most is that he was late.
(what充當(dāng)主語(yǔ))最讓我們吃驚的是他遲到了。
What he bought yesterday are 3 books.
(what充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))他昨天買(mǎi)的是3本書(shū)。
她已經(jīng)不是幾年前的她了。
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我想要的是兩本漢英字典。
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使我擔(dān)心的是我無(wú)法及時(shí)完成工作。
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She is not what she was a few years ago.
What I want are two Chinese-English dictionaries.
What worries me is that I can’t finish the work in time.
2. But the house on Mango Street is not the way
they described it at all.
但是芒果街上的房子完全不是他們所描述
的樣子。
the way+定語(yǔ)從句
當(dāng)the way作先行詞,其后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句
可用in which或that引導(dǎo),也可省略。
She smiles the way (that / in which) her mother does.
她笑起來(lái)和她媽媽一樣。
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at him.
我不喜歡你嘲笑他的方式。
3. 比較結(jié)構(gòu)：as…as…等
as…as…意為“和……一樣……”,表示同級(jí)的
比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞,第二個(gè)
as為連詞。其基本用法為as+adj. / adv.+as…
This film is as interesting as that one (is).
這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine (does).
你的鋼筆書(shū)寫(xiě)起來(lái)和我的一樣流暢。
其否定式為not as / so+adj. / adv.+as…結(jié)構(gòu)。
This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think it is.
這部字典不如你想象的那樣有用。
I didn’t catch as many as I had expected.
我抓到的不如我預(yù)想的那么多。
若有修飾成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter
等,則其必須置于第一個(gè)as之前。
You are not half as clever as you think you are.
你可不像自己想象的一半聰明。
幾個(gè)關(guān)于as…as…的常見(jiàn)句型：
①as…as possible / sb. can 盡可能的
Please answer my question as soon as possible.
請(qǐng)盡快回答我的問(wèn)題。
②as…as usual / before 像以前一樣……
She looks as pretty as before.
她看起來(lái)和以前一樣漂亮。
③as long as 達(dá)……之久；和……一樣長(zhǎng)；只
要(引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句)
It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.
我們花了長(zhǎng)達(dá)3年時(shí)間才完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
④as far as 遠(yuǎn)至；就……而論,據(jù)……
He walked as far as the railway station yesterday
evening.
昨天晚上,他一直散步到火車(chē)站。
⑤as well as 和……一樣好；也；既……
又……；除……外,還……
She sings as well as she plays.
她唱得好,彈得也好。
He gave me his help as well as his criticism.
他除了給我批評(píng)外,還給我?guī)椭?這時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)幫助)
如何寫(xiě)好并列句(二)
辨清不同功能的并列連詞
在寫(xiě)作中，我們必須認(rèn)真分析被連接起來(lái)的簡(jiǎn)單句之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，然后選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞，才能真正寫(xiě)出質(zhì)量好的并列句。
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真研讀以下并列句，分析其邏輯關(guān)系。試試看，如果用別的功能的并列句連詞替換，邏輯關(guān)系是否會(huì)仍然成立？
【例1】 The plane made a sudden turn and all the passengers fell sideward.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句的意思在前一個(gè)分句的意思的基礎(chǔ)上有遞進(jìn)。
【例2】 He failed many times, but he didn't despair.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句的意思不是前一個(gè)分句意思的順接，而是出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折的結(jié)果。
【例3】 We stayed at home, for it was raining.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句是前一個(gè)分句的原因的補(bǔ)充。
【例4】 He didn't work hard, so he failed in the examination.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句是前一個(gè)分句的原因的補(bǔ)充。
【例5】 Hurry up, or you'll be late for class.
【點(diǎn)撥】后一個(gè)分句的結(jié)果與前一個(gè)分句的結(jié)果是相反的。
由以上的例句可見(jiàn)，并列連詞的選擇也是要遵循句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，如果不小心，同樣會(huì)犯邏輯錯(cuò)誤。
請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給句子的信息及所提供的并列連詞完成句子
1.This girl did her work carefully, so…
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2. I have to study harder, or…
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This girl did her work carefully, so she never made any mistakes.
I have to study harder, or I will fall behind others.
3. I want to buy the jacket, but…
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4. She didn't come to school today, for…
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5. You have to learn English, and…
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I want to buy the jacket, but I do not have enough money.
She didn't come to school today, for she was ill.
You have to learn English, and you must learn it well.
