高考英語復(fù)習(xí)專題2 第8課時(shí):名詞和主謂一致精品 課件(人教大綱版重慶專用)
To play basketball and to go swimming ______ useful for character-training.
A. was
B. is
C. are
D. were
C 由and 連接并列的非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語,如果兩個(gè)不屬于同一概念謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù),如果屬于同一概念謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)。此句and 連接兩個(gè)不同概念的不定式,因此用復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 用and連接并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是如果并列主語指的是同一個(gè)人,同一事物或同一概念時(shí),如bread and butter; soda and water; coffee and water; aim and end; salt and water等,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
2. the+n1+and+n2指同一個(gè)人,如the writer and painter, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3. and 所連接的兩個(gè)名詞前分別有every, each, no, many a 等修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
4. 主語是連接詞or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not… but…, not only…but also…等連接的名詞或代詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須與最接近的名詞或代詞保持一致。
5. 主語是“A+ with / as well as / along with / together with / like / rather than / except / but / including / plus / besides / in addition to+B”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),謂語須與A保持一致。
6. more than one+名詞單數(shù);a+名詞單數(shù)+or two等作句子的主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 【考點(diǎn)4】 “the+形容詞或分詞”作主語
The wounded ______ been carried to hospital already.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
D “the+分詞”指人作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1.
“the+形容詞或分詞”指人作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. “the+形容詞或分詞”指抽象概念作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 【考點(diǎn)5】句子、短語作主語
Most of what has been said about the Smiths______also true of the Johnsons.
A. are
B. is
C. being
D. to be
B
1. 主語是不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
2. 主語是從句時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但在“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果是what從句作主語,其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的表語。
3. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It +be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/who …”中, be總是用單數(shù)形式;that/who 后的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須跟被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。
4. 定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須跟先行詞保持一致。
Barbara is the only one of the athletes who ______ a winner of the 100-metre race in our town since 1998.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
D 當(dāng)one 之前有the 或the only/very/just時(shí),定語從句則是修飾the (only/very/just) one 的,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。此題中有時(shí)間狀語since 1998,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
在“one of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)one前面有the (only)修飾時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是用單數(shù)形式。
5. 當(dāng)There / Here be后有幾個(gè)主語時(shí), be與鄰近的主語保持一致。 單項(xiàng)填空 第8課時(shí)
名詞和主謂一致
二 名詞
1. 掌握名詞可數(shù)與不可數(shù);單、復(fù)數(shù)及所有格的用法。
2. 注意拼寫相近、相似的名詞如“instrument與instruction; incident與accident; process與progress; reward與award; relief與belief; sign與signal”等的詞義及用法; 名詞
3. 掌握同義 、近義詞的辨析如“way, means, approach與method; date與appointment ”等;
4. 注意多義詞如“company 公司;陪同,陪伴;sense 感覺,意識(shí);意義;exercise 練習(xí),習(xí)題;鍛煉;character性格;人物;漢字;practice 實(shí)踐;例行做法,慣例;experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷”等; 名詞
5. 注意詞組搭配內(nèi)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),可數(shù)與不可數(shù);如find fault with…, make sense, make a difference 等。
歸類進(jìn)行整理并強(qiáng)化分類記憶這些詞匯會(huì)大有裨益的。
What's the ______, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself?(2011·江西卷)
A. sympathy
B. theme
C. object
D. point
D sympathy同情;
theme 主題; object 物體; point意義。句意:你認(rèn)為如果他沒有作出努力去幫助自己而(我們)去幫助他的意義是什么?
主謂一致
主謂一致的原則:形式一致;內(nèi)容一致;就近一致。 【考點(diǎn)1】代詞作主語
Nothing but stamps and envelopes ______ for sale.
A. are
B. is
C. are left
D. remain
B nothing作主語表單數(shù)概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。but后的名詞不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 由each, either, neither, one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, no one, nothing等指代單數(shù)名詞的不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
2.主語是who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest等時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依據(jù)具體情況而定。
3. such, the same 起指示代詞作用時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指定的內(nèi)容來決定單復(fù)數(shù)。 【考點(diǎn)2】名詞作主語 Apples of this kind ______ well.
A. sells
B. sell
C. is sold
D. are sold
B n. + of this kind后的謂語動(dòng)詞由名詞單復(fù)數(shù)來定。sell well 暢銷,用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。
1. 主語是board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, committee, enemy, government, party等名詞,如果作為整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果作為其中一個(gè)一個(gè)的成員,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. 主語是時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡單位等名詞或短語,不論它們是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
3. 主語是news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics等名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
4. 主語若是書名、劇名、報(bào)紙雜志名稱或國(guó)家、單位名稱時(shí),即使名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也只能用單數(shù)形式。
5. 主語是clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, gloves等名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
6. 主語是kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of+名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity的數(shù)而確定。
7. 主語是the number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但主語是a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞卻用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8. population作主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù);但其前有(百)分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。
9. 主語是 means, works(工廠), sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依照它們?cè)诰渲械囊饬x來確定。 【考點(diǎn)3】?jī)蓚€(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞連在一起作主語
No bird and no beast ______ on the lonely island.
A. are seen
B. is seen
C. see
D. sees
B no A and no B 后謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
它們均適用于范圍是2的情況:both指“兩者都”;each 指“兩者中的每一個(gè)”;either指“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”; neither 指“兩者都不”,neither of…或neither+名詞單數(shù)。 注意:both…not/ not both…表示“并非兩者都……”。
To play basketball and to go swimming ______ useful for character-training.
A. was
B. is
C. are
D. were
C 由and 連接并列的非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語,如果兩個(gè)不屬于同一概念謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù),如果屬于同一概念謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)。此句and 連接兩個(gè)不同概念的不定式,因此用復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 用and連接并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是如果并列主語指的是同一個(gè)人,同一事物或同一概念時(shí),如bread and butter; soda and water; coffee and water; aim and end; salt and water等,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
2. the+n1+and+n2指同一個(gè)人,如the writer and painter, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
3. and 所連接的兩個(gè)名詞前分別有every, each, no, many a 等修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
4. 主語是連接詞or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not… but…, not only…but also…等連接的名詞或代詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須與最接近的名詞或代詞保持一致。
5. 主語是“A+ with / as well as / along with / together with / like / rather than / except / but / including / plus / besides / in addition to+B”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),謂語須與A保持一致。
6. more than one+名詞單數(shù);a+名詞單數(shù)+or two等作句子的主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 【考點(diǎn)4】 “the+形容詞或分詞”作主語
The wounded ______ been carried to hospital already.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
D “the+分詞”指人作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1.
“the+形容詞或分詞”指人作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. “the+形容詞或分詞”指抽象概念作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 【考點(diǎn)5】句子、短語作主語
Most of what has been said about the Smiths______also true of the Johnsons.
A. are
B. is
C. being
D. to be
B
1. 主語是不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
2. 主語是從句時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但在“主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果是what從句作主語,其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的表語。
3. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It +be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/who …”中, be總是用單數(shù)形式;that/who 后的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須跟被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。
4. 定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須跟先行詞保持一致。
Barbara is the only one of the athletes who ______ a winner of the 100-metre race in our town since 1998.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
D 當(dāng)one 之前有the 或the only/very/just時(shí),定語從句則是修飾the (only/very/just) one 的,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。此題中有時(shí)間狀語since 1998,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
在“one of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)one前面有the (only)修飾時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是用單數(shù)形式。
5. 當(dāng)There / Here be后有幾個(gè)主語時(shí), be與鄰近的主語保持一致。 單項(xiàng)填空 第8課時(shí)
名詞和主謂一致
二 名詞
1. 掌握名詞可數(shù)與不可數(shù);單、復(fù)數(shù)及所有格的用法。
2. 注意拼寫相近、相似的名詞如“instrument與instruction; incident與accident; process與progress; reward與award; relief與belief; sign與signal”等的詞義及用法; 名詞
3. 掌握同義 、近義詞的辨析如“way, means, approach與method; date與appointment ”等;
4. 注意多義詞如“company 公司;陪同,陪伴;sense 感覺,意識(shí);意義;exercise 練習(xí),習(xí)題;鍛煉;character性格;人物;漢字;practice 實(shí)踐;例行做法,慣例;experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷”等; 名詞
5. 注意詞組搭配內(nèi)的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),可數(shù)與不可數(shù);如find fault with…, make sense, make a difference 等。
歸類進(jìn)行整理并強(qiáng)化分類記憶這些詞匯會(huì)大有裨益的。
What's the ______, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself?(2011·江西卷)
A. sympathy
B. theme
C. object
D. point
D sympathy同情;
theme 主題; object 物體; point意義。句意:你認(rèn)為如果他沒有作出努力去幫助自己而(我們)去幫助他的意義是什么?
主謂一致
主謂一致的原則:形式一致;內(nèi)容一致;就近一致。 【考點(diǎn)1】代詞作主語
Nothing but stamps and envelopes ______ for sale.
A. are
B. is
C. are left
D. remain
B nothing作主語表單數(shù)概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。but后的名詞不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 由each, either, neither, one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, no one, nothing等指代單數(shù)名詞的不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
2.主語是who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest等時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依據(jù)具體情況而定。
3. such, the same 起指示代詞作用時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指定的內(nèi)容來決定單復(fù)數(shù)。 【考點(diǎn)2】名詞作主語 Apples of this kind ______ well.
A. sells
B. sell
C. is sold
D. are sold
B n. + of this kind后的謂語動(dòng)詞由名詞單復(fù)數(shù)來定。sell well 暢銷,用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。
1. 主語是board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, committee, enemy, government, party等名詞,如果作為整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果作為其中一個(gè)一個(gè)的成員,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. 主語是時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡單位等名詞或短語,不論它們是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
3. 主語是news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics等名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
4. 主語若是書名、劇名、報(bào)紙雜志名稱或國(guó)家、單位名稱時(shí),即使名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也只能用單數(shù)形式。
5. 主語是clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, gloves等名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
6. 主語是kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of+名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity的數(shù)而確定。
7. 主語是the number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但主語是a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞卻用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8. population作主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù);但其前有(百)分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。
9. 主語是 means, works(工廠), sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese等名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式須依照它們?cè)诰渲械囊饬x來確定。 【考點(diǎn)3】?jī)蓚€(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞連在一起作主語
No bird and no beast ______ on the lonely island.
A. are seen
B. is seen
C. see
D. sees
B no A and no B 后謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
它們均適用于范圍是2的情況:both指“兩者都”;each 指“兩者中的每一個(gè)”;either指“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”; neither 指“兩者都不”,neither of…或neither+名詞單數(shù)。 注意:both…not/ not both…表示“并非兩者都……”。