2024屆高考英語一輪復習課件：必修5 Unit4《Making the news》（新人教版福建專用）

　　在學會寫句的基礎上，就可以開始學習如何將句子有序地連貫起來，這就組成了段落。段落是構成語篇的基礎。 1. 段落的基本結構

　　段落(Paragraph)是由闡述同一主題緊密相關的若干句子組成，是一則語意完整、和諧統一的語篇。一般說來，一個段落由3部分組成：主題句、擴展句和結論句。主題句提出論述的主題，擴展句利用必要的細節對主題加以論證說明，結論句總結全文，在論證的基礎上得出結論。三者相輔相成，按邏輯順序安排句子，并通過一些過渡句，構成一篇完整的短文。 On Safety

　　①Accidents are today's most frequent cause of death in Children. ②Accidents occur to children in all sorts of places — at home, on the street, at school, on public playgrounds, at places to swim, and on camping trips. ③There are now many more chances for accidents than there used to be.

　　④Automobiles, power tools, electric wiring, and easy ways of starting fire are some examples. ⑤Most accidents are caused by carelessness. ⑥A great deal of effort should be taken to let children know the importance of safety. ⑦Safety is everyone's business. On Safety

　　分析：在這一段落中，句①即為主題句，闡述段落的中心思想；句②，③，④，⑤和⑥為發展句，列舉原因、例子等來豐富和闡明中心思想；句⑦為結尾句，與主題句相呼應，概括該段落的真正含義。 2. 段落的主題句

　　主題句(Topic sentence)概括段落的主要內容，交代下文欲加以說明、解釋、論證的觀點，限制著主題在段落中討論的范圍、文章發展的模式，是整個段落的綱領。 3. 段落的擴展句

　　擴展句(Supporting sentence)的作用是豐富、支持、擴展主題句的內涵。擴展部分的闡述要透徹，證明要充分，舉例有條理，符合思想邏輯。擴展句的表達形式多種多樣，可以按時間或空間順序，從整體到局部或從局部到整體的方法進行敘述、描寫、說明或議論，也可用比較、對比、比喻、推導、歸納、演繹等手段來展現。擴展句須服從主題表達的需要，不應該涉及與主題無關或關系較遠的內容。 4. 段落的結論句

　　結論句(Concluding sentence)也稱總結句，它標志著段落的結束，自然應位于一段的結尾。結論句可用來重述主題、提供問題的解決方式，對未來進行預測，提出問題讓讀者思考，或對全段內容加以概述。結論之前常會出現in short, in a word, therefore等詞語。但并非所有的段落都需要結論句，有的也可采用自然結束的方式。

　　結論句在注意總結與呼應主題句的基礎上，用一個短短的感嘆句、問句、概括句、比喻句、挑戰性的話或一句名言將全段“拔高”一下，效果會更好。 參閱下面主題句與結論句呼應的例子： 主題句： Only a mother's love is selfless love！結尾句： What great love this is！ ① ② 主題句： Life is limited, but knowledge is boundless. 結尾句： How important it is to read good books！

　　從以上的例子，我們可以清楚地看出主題句和結論句的關系，結論句在意思上和主題句保持一致，與主題句緊密呼應，但又不是簡單的重復。例①運用感嘆句，能起到強化主題思想的作用，給讀者留下較深的印象。 結論句并非必不可少，但它能起到以下的作用： (1)表示段落的結束； (2)總結要點，與主題句相呼應； (3)使讀者就本段落的主要內容和見解有一個深刻的印象或進行思考。 Ⅰ.閱讀下面一個段落，指出段落的三個主要結構 Life in the 22nd Century

　　①Life in the 22nd century will be very interesting. ② Perhaps we can go on a holiday to the moon, and some scientists may live under the sea. ③ Maybe we will have video telephones in every home.④ When we talk on the phone, we'll be able to see the person at the other end of the line. ⑤ Perhaps we will have a computer in every classroom. Ⅰ.閱讀下面一個段落，指出段落的三個主要結構 ⑥ It would be able to help us do a lot of things such as solving difficult problems, reviewing our lessons, and doing our homework. ⑦ Perhaps some children won't need to go to school every day because there will be more educational programs on radio and television. ⑧ Maybe at that time every family will have a robot and it can do many kinds of housework for us.

　　Ⅰ.閱讀下面一個段落，指出段落的三個主要結構 ⑨ Then what will we do with our extra time? ⑩ I think we may have more time to study and learn how to use and control these machines. ?Well, let's look at what wonderful life we will enjoy in the 22nd century. 答案

　　在這一段中，①為主題句，闡述段落的中心思想；②, ③, ④, ⑤, ⑥, ⑦, ⑧, ⑩為擴展句，列舉事例來豐富和闡明中心思想；?為結論句，與主題相呼應，概括該段落的真正含義；⑨為過渡句。 Ⅱ.從下面方框內選擇適當的過渡詞填入空白處 because of， first， second， as a result， therefore， finally， in addition

　　In the past twenty years or so, great advances have taken place in the world. _______, we have seen one of the most important advances in agriculture — the Green Revolution. ___________ this advance we can now produce more food with less land. ________， industry has been made more and more automatic.

　　Second First Because of Ⅱ.從下面方框內選擇適當的過渡詞填入空白處 because of， first， second， as a result， therefore， finally， in addition

　　__________, few and few people are needed to operate factories and offices. ___________, to explore the unknown world, more and more satellites have been launched and more and more astronauts have been sent into outer space. In addition Therefore Ⅱ.從下面方框內選擇適當的過渡詞填入空白處 because of， first， second， as a result， therefore， finally， in addition

　　________, new products of all kinds have been produced. __________, our life has become much better and much comfortable. As a result Finally Ⅲ.運用因果關系手法，用所給主題句將下列詞或短語組成一個連貫的段落 主題句：As a student, I completely agree with the suggestion that students should have a television lounge(休息室)．

　　(1)necessary — keep pace — current affairs

　　(2)solve the problem — noise in the classroom — because — no other place — relax

　　(3)a good way — have some fun

　　Ⅲ.運用因果關系手法，用所給主題句將下列詞或短語組成一個連貫的段落 答案

　　As a student, I completely agree with the suggestion that students should have a television lounge. First, a TV lounge is necessary to those who want to keep pace with current affairs. Second, it can help solve the problem of the noise in the classrooms caused by the students who are chatting and laughing loudly because they have no homework yet no place to go to relax. Ⅲ.運用因果關系手法，用所給主題句將下列詞或短語組成一個連貫的段落 答案

　　Indeed, many students want to have a place to relax after a day of hard work. Watching TV is a good way for the students to enrich their spare-time activities and have some fun. As a result, the opening of a TV lounge would be important both to the students who want to have a quiet place to study and to those who want to relax. ⑥ case

　　n.

　　運用case的短語完成下面的情景

　　(3)________, fire broke out because of carelessness. (4)________, remember to keep calm. (5)________ can you jump from the top of a high building, which is dangerous. 答案 (3)As is often the case　(4)In that case　(5)In no case ⑥ case

　　n.

　　運用case的短語完成下面的情景

　　You may call 119 (6)________ emergency and try to take some effective measures before the arrival of rescue team (7)________ you get burnt. 答案

　　(6)in case of　

　　(7)in case

　　根據語境猜詞義 (1) She accused him of stealing her watch.

　　(2) Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.

　　⑦ accuse v.

　　根據語義找匹配 A. 指責，把……歸咎　 B. 指控，控告 A B 短語 accuse sb. of sth. / doing sth.

　　控告某人某事 accuse sb. as…

　　指控某人…… ⑦ accuse v. 鏈接 accusation n.

　　控告；告發；譴責 accusing adj.

　　指責的；譴責的

　　⑦ accuse v. 辨析

　　accuse / charge

　　accuse意為“指控，指責，譴責，控訴”，不一定指很嚴重之事，也可用于法律上的控告，多與介詞of搭配。

　　charge意為“指控，控告”，是法律上控告的正式用語，對嚴重行為而言，多與介詞with搭配。 ⑦ accuse v.

　　用accuse和charge的適當形式填空

　　Linda lost her ring and (1)________ her roommate Mary with the theft. Mary denied and told Linda that she didn't touch it. Linda was angry and (2)________ Mary of lying. Later the (3)________ was found innocent. Actually, her ring was taken away by a bird because of the open window. 答案

　　(1)charged　

　　(2)accused　

　　(3)accused

　　根據語境猜詞義 (1) She demanded to know what was happening.

　　(2) The supply of vegetables falls short of demand this year.

　　(3) “What is that？” the policeman demanded.

　　⑧ demand

　　n. & v.

　　根據語義找匹配 A. 需要，需求　 B. 要求，請求　 C. 查問，盤詰 B A C 短語

　　to do sth.

　　要求做某事 demand

　　of sb. to do sth.

　　要求某人做某事

　　sth. of sb.

　　要求某人某事 in demand (of)

　　需要 (no) demand for…

　　(不)需要 make demands of / on

　　對……提出要求 meet the demand

　　滿足需要；符合要求 ⑧ demand

　　n. & v.

　　句型 it is demanded that… (should) do… ⑧ demand

　　n. & v.

　　溫馨提示：

　　但凡有“要求”語義的詞所帶的所有從句都要使用虛擬語氣“(should) do sth.”形式，should 可以省略，但動詞原形不得改變。英語中有6個動詞表示“要求”，它們是demand, require, request, appeal, ask, urge。

　　用正確的介詞填空 (1) Medical workers are ________ great demand in the earthquake－stricken areas.

　　(2) Is there any demand ________ teachers in this city? 答案

　　(1) in

　　　(2) for ⑧ demand

　　n. & v.

　　鏈接 demanding adj. 要求多的， 吃力的 ⑨ thorough

　　adj.

　　根據語境猜詞義 (1)You must promise me to take a thorough rest.

　　(2)His work is always very thorough.

　　(3)He is thorough fool!

　　根據語境猜詞義 A．十足的；完全的　 B．徹底的；周密的；仔細的　 C．細致的 B C A ⑨ thorough

　　adj. 鏈接 thoroughly adv.

　　徹底地；周密地；細致地；完全；充分

　　完成句子 (1)演出大獲成功。 The play was a _______________ . (2)她把房子徹底打掃了一遍。 She gave the house __________________. thorough success a thorough cleaning

　　根據語境猜詞義 (1) The work was done ahead of time.

　　(2) He is always ahead of the age.

　　(3) He's ahead of me in English.

　　⑩ ahead of

　　根據語義找匹配 A. 指時間或空間的，“在……之前”

　　B. “比……強 (高)” (主要用作表語) C. 提前，提早 A C B 短語 go ahead

　　開始，前進，領先 ahead of time

　　提前，提早 ⑩ ahead of

　　請翻譯下列劃線部分的短語

　　I finished a project several days

　　(1)

　　ahead of the deadline and (2) ahead of me lay a tougher construction project, so I went shopping with my best friend to have a good rest before starting the tougher project. A young boy at the age of 5 (3) walked ahead of us, talking to his mother about his life in the future. His ideas were way (4) ahead of his time.

　　⑩ ahead of

　　答案 (1)在截止日期前　 (2) 在我面前 / 即將面對的是　 (3) 走在我們前面　 (4) 超時代的 / 超前的

　　請翻譯下列劃線部分的短語 ⑩ ahead of

　　根據語境猜詞義 (1) I'm afraid your parents won't approve of your going there.

　　(2) The city council approved the building plans.

　　? approve v.

　　根據語義找匹配 A. 贊成，同意；贊許　 B. 批準；認可

　　A B 鏈接 approval n.

　　批準，認可，同意，贊同 approved adj.

　　經核準的，被認可的 短語 approve oneself

　　證明自己是…… give one's approval to

　　批準 with approval of

　　經……的批準 ? approve v.

　　? approve v.

　　辨析

　　approve / agree

　　approve 側重對認為正確或滿意的事表示贊同或批準。作不及物動詞用時，常與of連用。

　　agree 普通用詞，側重指對某事同其他人有相同的意見或想法，后常用to / with / on。 運用approve的各種用法完成下面的情景

　　Recently, the mayor (1) ______ the non-smoking plan. Smoking (2)_______ (不被同意) in non-smoking area. Even at home, children have the right to (3) _______ (批準)their parents who want to smoke.

　　? approve v.

　　答案

　　(1)approved　(2)is not approved of (3)give their approval to 運用approve的各種用法完成下面的情景 ? approve v.

　　Only (4) _______(經……的批準)

　　the

　　family, one

　　can

　　smoke

　　at

　　home. Hearing the news, I said I fully agreed

　　(5) _________ this plan and my husband totally agreed

　　(6) _________ me (7) __________ the matter of smoking. What good news it is! 運用approve的各種用法完成下面的情景 ? approve v.

　　答案 (4) with the approval of (5) to　

　　(6) with　

　　(7) on

　　? at the moment

　　此刻，此時

　　根據語境感悟用法 (1)She must be in the television studio at the moment.

　　她這會兒肯定在電視錄制室。 (2)The market is rather depressed at the moment.

　　現在市場經濟相當低迷。 ? at the moment

　　此刻，此時 短語 at any moment

　　立刻，馬上 at the last moment

　　在緊要關頭，在最后關頭 for a moment

　　片刻，一會兒 for the moment

　　暫時，目前 in a moment

　　馬上，立刻，一眨眼的工夫 (和將來時態連用) ? at the moment

　　此刻，此時 句型 the moment＋從句　 一……就…… this is the moment to do

　　應該做……的時候；做……的好時機 ? at the moment

　　此刻，此時

　　用moment的相關短語填空 (1)Ask Tom to come at once, for the train is starting ____________.

　　(2)_____________ my car is being made ready for a long journey.

　　(3)This house is big enough for us two ____________, but we'll have to move if we have a baby.

　　in a moment At the moment for the moment

　　①Not only

　　am

　　I

　　interested

　　in photography, but

　　I

　　took

　　an

　　amateur

　　course

　　at

　　university

　　to update my skills. (P26)

　　我不但對攝影感興趣，而且為了提高攝影技術，我還在大學里參加了一個業余培訓班。

　　句中not only…but also連接兩個并列句時否定詞not 位于句首，因而前一分句應使用倒裝語序。