浙江省2024屆高考英語二輪專題總復習課件:第4講 介詞

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浙江省2024屆高考英語二輪專題總復習課件:第4講 介詞

  第 4 講

  介詞

  1. I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained ______. (2011浙江卷)

  A. on

  B. for

  C. by

  D. of 【答案及解析】1. B 本題考點為介詞與動詞的搭配。句意為“我總想從事我一直以來為此被訓練的工作?!边€原定語從句部分,應該是“I'd been trained for the job”。 train作動詞意為“訓練”,介詞for表目的。

  2. I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just ______. (2010浙江卷)

  A. by nature

  B. in return

  C. in case

  D. by chance 【答案及解析】2. C 考查介詞短語的辨析。句意為“我覺得我們以前已經談論過這件事情了,但是以防萬一,我還是再問你一次吧?!眀y nature天生地,天然地;in return作為回報;in case以防萬一;by chance偶然地,碰巧。 介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞。介詞分為三種: 簡單介詞,如at, in, on, beside, to, for等; 短語介詞,即由兩個以上的詞組成的短語,如in front of, because of, instead of等; 二重介詞,如until after, from behind等。 介詞的種類

  介詞不能獨立在句中作成分,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞或動名詞構成介詞短語在句中充當一個成分,表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件等之間的關系。 1.作定語:The book _on_the_table is mine.

  2.作狀語:We have breakfast at_seven._(表時間) They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain. (表原因) They started the machine by_pressing the button. (表方式)

  介詞的句法功能

  3.作表語:My dictionary is in_the_bag.

  4.作賓語補足語:I found him in_the_office.

  介詞的句法功能

  1.表示時間的at, in, on at表示片刻的時間,如:at 8 o'clock,常用詞組有:at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。 in表示一段時間,如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。 on總是跟日子有關,如: on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。 主要介詞區別

  2.表示時間的since和from since表示從過去到現在的一段時間的過程,常與現在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點開始,一般多與現在時、過去時、將來時連用。如: I hope to do morning exercises from_today.

  We have not seen each other since_1995.

  主要介詞區別 3. between和 among 一般說來,between表示兩者之間,among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如: You are to sit between your father and me.

  He is always happy among his classmate

  主要介詞區別 4.表示“用”的in, by和with with用于有形的工具,或身體某些器官等的方面,其后的名詞多被冠詞或物主代詞等修飾。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等。by后接名詞且名詞前常沒有修飾詞,名詞用原形。如: He is writing a letter with_a_pen.

  He wrote the letter in_pencil._ We measured it in_pounds. (按磅計算) Tell me the story in_English.

  by hand靠手工 by ship乘船 by air乘飛機 主要介詞區別 5.as和 like as作“作為”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Let me speak to you as a father. (事實是父親) like作“像……一樣”解。如:Let me speak to you like a father. (事實上不是父親)。 6.in front of 和in the front of in front of = before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物內);in the front of則是“在……前部”的意思(在某物內)。如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard.

  The boy sat in the front of the car.

  主要介詞區別

  1. 表示時間的in和after

  兩者都表示“在(某個時間)之后”,區別在于in表示“在(一段時間)之后”,而after則表示“在(某一具體時間點)之后”,in短語和將來時態連用,after短語和過去時態或將來時態連用。如:

  We'll be back in three days.

  After seven the rain began to fall.

  注意:after有時也可以表示在一段時間之后(常用在過去時里)。如:

  After two months he returned.

  易錯易混點

  2. 表示地理位置的in, on, to

  in表示在某范圍內,on指與什么毗鄰,to指在某環境范圍之外。如:

  Changchun is in the northeast of China.

  Mongolia is on_the north of China.

  Japan is to the east of China.

  3. 表示“穿過……”的through和across

  through表示從內部通過;across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過。如:

  Water flows through the pipe.

  The old man walked across the street.

  易錯易混點

  4. besides, except, but, except for

  besides指“除了……還有,再加上”。如:All went out besides me.

  except指“除了,減去什么”。如:All went out except me.

  but與except意思近似,表示“除了……外”,經常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如:

  I never saw him reading anything_but the newspaper.

  易錯易混點

  except for表示“除……以外”,跟except的區別在于其后跟的詞與前面所提到的不是同一類別。如:

  His diary is good except_for a few spelling mistakes.

  易錯易混點

  5. for與of用于不定式復合結構 (1) It is+adj. +of sb. to do sth. = sb. +be+adj. +to do sth.

  當形容詞說明不定式邏輯主語的性質、特征時,用of。常見的此類形容詞有:kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。 (2) It is+adj. +for sb. to do sth.

  當形容詞說明不定式的性質時用for。常見的此類形容詞有:possible, impossible, important, necessary等。如: It is quite important for us to protect our environment.

  第 4 講

  介詞

  1. I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained ______. (2011浙江卷)

  A. on

  B. for

  C. by

  D. of 【答案及解析】1. B 本題考點為介詞與動詞的搭配。句意為“我總想從事我一直以來為此被訓練的工作。”還原定語從句部分,應該是“I'd been trained for the job”。 train作動詞意為“訓練”,介詞for表目的。

  2. I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just ______. (2010浙江卷)

  A. by nature

  B. in return

  C. in case

  D. by chance 【答案及解析】2. C 考查介詞短語的辨析。句意為“我覺得我們以前已經談論過這件事情了,但是以防萬一,我還是再問你一次吧。”by nature天生地,天然地;in return作為回報;in case以防萬一;by chance偶然地,碰巧。 介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞。介詞分為三種: 簡單介詞,如at, in, on, beside, to, for等; 短語介詞,即由兩個以上的詞組成的短語,如in front of, because of, instead of等; 二重介詞,如until after, from behind等。 介詞的種類

  介詞不能獨立在句中作成分,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞或動名詞構成介詞短語在句中充當一個成分,表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件等之間的關系。 1.作定語:The book _on_the_table is mine.

  2.作狀語:We have breakfast at_seven._(表時間) They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain. (表原因) They started the machine by_pressing the button. (表方式)

  介詞的句法功能

  3.作表語:My dictionary is in_the_bag.

  4.作賓語補足語:I found him in_the_office.

  介詞的句法功能

  1.表示時間的at, in, on at表示片刻的時間,如:at 8 o'clock,常用詞組有:at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。 in表示一段時間,如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。 on總是跟日子有關,如: on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。 主要介詞區別

  2.表示時間的since和from since表示從過去到現在的一段時間的過程,常與現在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點開始,一般多與現在時、過去時、將來時連用。如: I hope to do morning exercises from_today.

  We have not seen each other since_1995.

  主要介詞區別 3. between和 among 一般說來,between表示兩者之間,among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如: You are to sit between your father and me.

  He is always happy among his classmate

  主要介詞區別 4.表示“用”的in, by和with with用于有形的工具,或身體某些器官等的方面,其后的名詞多被冠詞或物主代詞等修飾。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等。by后接名詞且名詞前常沒有修飾詞,名詞用原形。如: He is writing a letter with_a_pen.

  He wrote the letter in_pencil._ We measured it in_pounds. (按磅計算) Tell me the story in_English.

  by hand靠手工 by ship乘船 by air乘飛機 主要介詞區別 5.as和 like as作“作為”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Let me speak to you as a father. (事實是父親) like作“像……一樣”解。如:Let me speak to you like a father. (事實上不是父親)。 6.in front of 和in the front of in front of = before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物內);in the front of則是“在……前部”的意思(在某物內)。如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard.

  The boy sat in the front of the car.

  主要介詞區別

  1. 表示時間的in和after

  兩者都表示“在(某個時間)之后”,區別在于in表示“在(一段時間)之后”,而after則表示“在(某一具體時間點)之后”,in短語和將來時態連用,after短語和過去時態或將來時態連用。如:

  We'll be back in three days.

  After seven the rain began to fall.

  注意:after有時也可以表示在一段時間之后(常用在過去時里)。如:

  After two months he returned.

  易錯易混點

  2. 表示地理位置的in, on, to

  in表示在某范圍內,on指與什么毗鄰,to指在某環境范圍之外。如:

  Changchun is in the northeast of China.

  Mongolia is on_the north of China.

  Japan is to the east of China.

  3. 表示“穿過……”的through和across

  through表示從內部通過;across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過。如:

  Water flows through the pipe.

  The old man walked across the street.

  易錯易混點

  4. besides, except, but, except for

  besides指“除了……還有,再加上”。如:All went out besides me.

  except指“除了,減去什么”。如:All went out except me.

  but與except意思近似,表示“除了……外”,經常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如:

  I never saw him reading anything_but the newspaper.

  易錯易混點

  except for表示“除……以外”,跟except的區別在于其后跟的詞與前面所提到的不是同一類別。如:

  His diary is good except_for a few spelling mistakes.

  易錯易混點

  5. for與of用于不定式復合結構 (1) It is+adj. +of sb. to do sth. = sb. +be+adj. +to do sth.

  當形容詞說明不定式邏輯主語的性質、特征時,用of。常見的此類形容詞有:kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。 (2) It is+adj. +for sb. to do sth.

  當形容詞說明不定式的性質時用for。常見的此類形容詞有:possible, impossible, important, necessary等。如: It is quite important for us to protect our environment.

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