初中英語(yǔ)中常用的九大介詞
五、from
1. 動(dòng)詞+from
a) 動(dòng)詞+ from。
from表示“來(lái)源、原因、起始”等：come from來(lái)自,date from追溯, depart from違背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自…跌落, hang from垂掛, hear from收到來(lái)信,learn from向某人學(xué)習(xí), return from自某地返回，rise from自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。
例如：
All the characters in the book are drawn from real life.書(shū)中所有的人物都來(lái)自于真實(shí)的生活。
Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower. 因疏忽引起的任何損壞都應(yīng)由借用者負(fù)責(zé)賠償。
He has recovered from his surprise. 他好不容易回過(guò)神來(lái)。
b) 動(dòng)詞+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place。
from表示“來(lái)源、免于”等：borrow from向…借, choose from選自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不準(zhǔn)做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,remove from移動(dòng);除去, save from保全;拯救, separate from分離開(kāi)來(lái),stop from阻止。
例如：
He was excused from attendance at the lecture. 他獲準(zhǔn)可不去聽(tīng)課。
Stop the child from spoiling the book. 不要讓孩子弄壞了書(shū)。
2. be +形容詞+ from。
此時(shí)from含義眾多：be absent from缺席,be different from與眾不同, be far from更不用說(shuō), be hidden from躲避,be made from用…制成, be tired from因…而疲倦。例如：
The boy can’t walk and is far from running.那男孩不會(huì)走路，更不用說(shuō)跑了。
3. from…to…。
本短語(yǔ)表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一狀態(tài)的變化或從…到…：from bad to worse每況愈下，from beginning to end自始至終，from cover to cover從頭到尾，from China to Peru到處，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨戶，from end to end從頭至尾，from first to last自始至終，from hand to mouth勉強(qiáng)糊冢琭rom head to foot從頭到腳，from mouth to mouth廣泛流傳，from sun to sun從日出到日落，from start to finish從頭開(kāi)始，from top to toe從頭到腳，from time to time不時(shí)地，from top to bottom徹底地。
六、after
1. 動(dòng)詞+ after。
介詞after有“追趕，問(wèn)候，效仿”之意：ask after問(wèn)候, be after尋求,do(sth.)after學(xué)著做，go after設(shè)法得到, inquire after問(wèn)候, look after尋找,run after追求, seek after追逐, take after長(zhǎng)得像。
例如：
Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl friend.他每天下午都打電話問(wèn)候他的女朋友。
The boy takes after his father. 這男孩長(zhǎng)得像他父親。
The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追趕那只受傷的鹿。
2. after構(gòu)成的其它短語(yǔ)。
after在不同的短語(yǔ)中意思各異：after a little/moment/while過(guò)了一會(huì)，after all畢竟,after dark天黑以后，after one’s heart合…的心, after school放學(xué)后， after service售后服務(wù)，after the fashion勉強(qiáng)， day after day日復(fù)一日，one after another一個(gè)接一個(gè)，year after year年復(fù)一年。
例如：
Don’t be too strict with him. After all he is still a child.
不要太苛刻了，畢竟他還是個(gè)孩子。
He can speak and write English after a fashion.
他多少會(huì)說(shuō)和寫(xiě)一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)，但不太好。
七、of
1. 動(dòng)詞+of
a) 動(dòng)詞+of。of意為“有關(guān)，由于”： beg of(sb.)請(qǐng)求某人,complain of抱怨，consist of由…構(gòu)成, die of死于, dream of夢(mèng)想, hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō), know of了解,speak of談及, tell of講到, think of想起, talk of論及。
例如：
Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.從來(lái)沒(méi)有人抱怨我們帶來(lái)這么多麻煩。
Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. 二氧化碳由碳、氧兩種元素組成。
b) 動(dòng)詞+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剝奪，有關(guān)”之意：accuse of控告(譴責(zé)，非難)某人, cheat of騙走, deprive of剝奪,inform of匯報(bào), rob of搶走, remind of提醒, warn of警告。
例如：
He has cheated me of my poverty. 他騙走了我的財(cái)產(chǎn)。
They are deprived of their rights as citizens.他們的公民權(quán)都被剝奪了。
c) 動(dòng)詞+sth.+ of +sb.。介詞of表動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，后接動(dòng)作的賓語(yǔ)sb.：request of請(qǐng)求(某人做某事), require of要求得到。
例如：
All I request of you is that you should come here early.我唯一的請(qǐng)求就是希望你早點(diǎn)來(lái)。
You have done all the law requires of you.你做的這一切都是法律對(duì)你的要求。
2. be +形容詞+ of。
of后接表對(duì)象或目標(biāo)的詞，這類短語(yǔ)有很多：be aware of覺(jué)察, be ashamed of以…為恥, be afraid of擔(dān)心,be bare of沒(méi)有, be careful of小心, be clear of還清債務(wù),be certain of確信, be composed of由…構(gòu)成, be envious of嫉妒,be forgetful of健忘, be fond of喜歡, be free of免于;擺脫, be full of充滿, be guilty of認(rèn)罪, be hopeful of抱有希望,be informed of匯報(bào), be impatient of對(duì)…無(wú)耐心, be jealous of嫉妒,be made of用…制成, be mindful of留意, be proud of以…為驕傲,be sick of煩于, be short of缺乏, be sure of確信, be tired of困于,be worthy of值得。
3. of+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組。
of age成年, of choice精選的，of course當(dāng)然,of late最近，of name有名的，of oneself自動(dòng)地，of purpose有意地，of use有用，of values有價(jià)值的。
八、on
1. 動(dòng)詞+on
a) 動(dòng)詞+ on。介詞on表示“憑借，產(chǎn)生某結(jié)果，接通”等意思：act on對(duì)…有作用, bring on促使;導(dǎo)致, call on拜訪某人,count on依賴, carry on執(zhí)行,depend on取決, feed on以…為生,figure on料想;推斷, go on繼續(xù),have on穿著, insist on堅(jiān)持,keep on繼續(xù), lean on依賴, live on以…為生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通(電源), take to喜歡;養(yǎng)成;輕易學(xué)會(huì)，turn on接通(電源), work on操作, wait on侍候。
例如：
This kind of medicine acts on the heart. 這種藥對(duì)心臟有好處。
The fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天氣促使莊稼長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好。
We count on you to help. 我們有賴你的幫助。
b) 動(dòng)詞+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以…，對(duì)…，在某方面”：base on以…為基礎(chǔ), congratulate on恭賀, fix on固定, have mercy on憐憫,have pity on憐惜, keep watch on監(jiān)視, spend on把時(shí)間、精力花在某方面。例如：
Theory should be based on practice. 理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際。
Congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你競(jìng)賽獲得成功。
2. be+形容詞+on的詞組。
be dependent on依賴, be hard on對(duì)某人苛刻,be impressed on對(duì)…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on對(duì)…嚴(yán)格。
例如：
We can’t just be dependent on our parents. 我們不能只依賴父母。
He is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出國(guó)。
3. on+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組。
on表示處于某種狀態(tài)或在某個(gè)方位：on board乘(車,飛機(jī)),on call聽(tīng)候召喚, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire著火, on foot步行，on guard在崗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下,on one’s way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上,on time準(zhǔn)時(shí), on the move行動(dòng), on the other hand另一方面, on the spot當(dāng)場(chǎng),on the tip of one’s tongue快要說(shuō)出口, on top of在…的頂部，on watch值班。
九、in
1. 動(dòng)詞+in
a) 動(dòng)詞+ in。in在短語(yǔ)中的含義異常豐富：believe in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起;產(chǎn)生;帶來(lái), call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收獲, hand in上繳, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in導(dǎo)致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起;訂閱, turn in歸還當(dāng)局。
例如：
He was so short of money that he had to call in the loans that he had made. 他很缺乏資金，不得不收回所有的款子。
Your failure lies in your laziness. 你失敗的原因在于懶惰。
Orders are given to take in sail.已發(fā)布收帆的命令。
b) 動(dòng)詞+sb./time/money+ in。介詞in后接(doing)sth.：help sb. in幫助某人做某事, spare time/money in勻出時(shí)間或錢做某事,spend time/money in花時(shí)間或錢做某事,waste time/money in浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢做某事。
例如：
She offered to help him in the housekeeping when I am not here.她提出，我不在家時(shí)她可以幫助他料理家務(wù)。
2. be +形容詞+ in。
in表示“在某些方面或穿著”：be active in活躍于,be absorbed in專心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牽涉, be clothed in穿著, be disappointed in對(duì)…失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在…有經(jīng)驗(yàn), be employed in任職于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的專家, be excellent in在…優(yōu)秀,be interested in對(duì)…有興趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in遲緩, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in嚴(yán)于, be weak in弱于。
例如：
She was completely absorbed in her own affairs. 她完全專注于自己的事務(wù)。
More than one person has been concerned in this. 不只一人牽涉到這件事。
3. in +名詞。
in表示“處于某種狀態(tài)或在某些方面”等意思：in advance提前,in all總共，in balance總而言之，in bed臥床，in body親自，in brief簡(jiǎn)明扼要，in case萬(wàn)一, in charge主管，in danger有危險(xiǎn), in debt負(fù)債, in despair失望,in force大量地;有效，in full全部地, in flower開(kāi)花,in general一般說(shuō)來(lái),in itself本身, in love戀愛(ài), in order井然有序, in person親自,in public公開(kāi)地, in progress有進(jìn)展, in practice從實(shí)踐上看, in rags穿著破衣, in research探索, in return作為報(bào)答,in ruins一片廢墟,in short總之,in theory從理論上看, in trouble有麻煩, in tears眼淚汪汪,in time及時(shí), in turn按順序, in vain白白地，in view看得見(jiàn)。
注意下列幾個(gè)詞組中的in為副詞：check in到達(dá)登記，cut in插嘴，count in包括,draw in時(shí)間接近, drop in順路拜訪, give in屈服, pour in源源而來(lái)。
五、from
1. 動(dòng)詞+from
a) 動(dòng)詞+ from。
from表示“來(lái)源、原因、起始”等：come from來(lái)自,date from追溯, depart from違背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自…跌落, hang from垂掛, hear from收到來(lái)信,learn from向某人學(xué)習(xí), return from自某地返回，rise from自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。
例如：
All the characters in the book are drawn from real life.書(shū)中所有的人物都來(lái)自于真實(shí)的生活。
Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower. 因疏忽引起的任何損壞都應(yīng)由借用者負(fù)責(zé)賠償。
He has recovered from his surprise. 他好不容易回過(guò)神來(lái)。
b) 動(dòng)詞+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place。
from表示“來(lái)源、免于”等：borrow from向…借, choose from選自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不準(zhǔn)做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,remove from移動(dòng);除去, save from保全;拯救, separate from分離開(kāi)來(lái),stop from阻止。
例如：
He was excused from attendance at the lecture. 他獲準(zhǔn)可不去聽(tīng)課。
Stop the child from spoiling the book. 不要讓孩子弄壞了書(shū)。
2. be +形容詞+ from。
此時(shí)from含義眾多：be absent from缺席,be different from與眾不同, be far from更不用說(shuō), be hidden from躲避,be made from用…制成, be tired from因…而疲倦。例如：
The boy can’t walk and is far from running.那男孩不會(huì)走路，更不用說(shuō)跑了。
3. from…to…。
本短語(yǔ)表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一狀態(tài)的變化或從…到…：from bad to worse每況愈下，from beginning to end自始至終，from cover to cover從頭到尾，from China to Peru到處，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨戶，from end to end從頭至尾，from first to last自始至終，from hand to mouth勉強(qiáng)糊冢琭rom head to foot從頭到腳，from mouth to mouth廣泛流傳，from sun to sun從日出到日落，from start to finish從頭開(kāi)始，from top to toe從頭到腳，from time to time不時(shí)地，from top to bottom徹底地。
六、after
1. 動(dòng)詞+ after。
介詞after有“追趕，問(wèn)候，效仿”之意：ask after問(wèn)候, be after尋求,do(sth.)after學(xué)著做，go after設(shè)法得到, inquire after問(wèn)候, look after尋找,run after追求, seek after追逐, take after長(zhǎng)得像。
例如：
Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl friend.他每天下午都打電話問(wèn)候他的女朋友。
The boy takes after his father. 這男孩長(zhǎng)得像他父親。
The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追趕那只受傷的鹿。
2. after構(gòu)成的其它短語(yǔ)。
after在不同的短語(yǔ)中意思各異：after a little/moment/while過(guò)了一會(huì)，after all畢竟,after dark天黑以后，after one’s heart合…的心, after school放學(xué)后， after service售后服務(wù)，after the fashion勉強(qiáng)， day after day日復(fù)一日，one after another一個(gè)接一個(gè)，year after year年復(fù)一年。
例如：
Don’t be too strict with him. After all he is still a child.
不要太苛刻了，畢竟他還是個(gè)孩子。
He can speak and write English after a fashion.
他多少會(huì)說(shuō)和寫(xiě)一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)，但不太好。
七、of
1. 動(dòng)詞+of
a) 動(dòng)詞+of。of意為“有關(guān)，由于”： beg of(sb.)請(qǐng)求某人,complain of抱怨，consist of由…構(gòu)成, die of死于, dream of夢(mèng)想, hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō), know of了解,speak of談及, tell of講到, think of想起, talk of論及。
例如：
Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.從來(lái)沒(méi)有人抱怨我們帶來(lái)這么多麻煩。
Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen. 二氧化碳由碳、氧兩種元素組成。
b) 動(dòng)詞+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剝奪，有關(guān)”之意：accuse of控告(譴責(zé)，非難)某人, cheat of騙走, deprive of剝奪,inform of匯報(bào), rob of搶走, remind of提醒, warn of警告。
例如：
He has cheated me of my poverty. 他騙走了我的財(cái)產(chǎn)。
They are deprived of their rights as citizens.他們的公民權(quán)都被剝奪了。
c) 動(dòng)詞+sth.+ of +sb.。介詞of表動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，后接動(dòng)作的賓語(yǔ)sb.：request of請(qǐng)求(某人做某事), require of要求得到。
例如：
All I request of you is that you should come here early.我唯一的請(qǐng)求就是希望你早點(diǎn)來(lái)。
You have done all the law requires of you.你做的這一切都是法律對(duì)你的要求。
2. be +形容詞+ of。
of后接表對(duì)象或目標(biāo)的詞，這類短語(yǔ)有很多：be aware of覺(jué)察, be ashamed of以…為恥, be afraid of擔(dān)心,be bare of沒(méi)有, be careful of小心, be clear of還清債務(wù),be certain of確信, be composed of由…構(gòu)成, be envious of嫉妒,be forgetful of健忘, be fond of喜歡, be free of免于;擺脫, be full of充滿, be guilty of認(rèn)罪, be hopeful of抱有希望,be informed of匯報(bào), be impatient of對(duì)…無(wú)耐心, be jealous of嫉妒,be made of用…制成, be mindful of留意, be proud of以…為驕傲,be sick of煩于, be short of缺乏, be sure of確信, be tired of困于,be worthy of值得。
3. of+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組。
of age成年, of choice精選的，of course當(dāng)然,of late最近，of name有名的，of oneself自動(dòng)地，of purpose有意地，of use有用，of values有價(jià)值的。
八、on
1. 動(dòng)詞+on
a) 動(dòng)詞+ on。介詞on表示“憑借，產(chǎn)生某結(jié)果，接通”等意思：act on對(duì)…有作用, bring on促使;導(dǎo)致, call on拜訪某人,count on依賴, carry on執(zhí)行,depend on取決, feed on以…為生,figure on料想;推斷, go on繼續(xù),have on穿著, insist on堅(jiān)持,keep on繼續(xù), lean on依賴, live on以…為生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通(電源), take to喜歡;養(yǎng)成;輕易學(xué)會(huì)，turn on接通(電源), work on操作, wait on侍候。
例如：
This kind of medicine acts on the heart. 這種藥對(duì)心臟有好處。
The fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天氣促使莊稼長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好。
We count on you to help. 我們有賴你的幫助。
b) 動(dòng)詞+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以…，對(duì)…，在某方面”：base on以…為基礎(chǔ), congratulate on恭賀, fix on固定, have mercy on憐憫,have pity on憐惜, keep watch on監(jiān)視, spend on把時(shí)間、精力花在某方面。例如：
Theory should be based on practice. 理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際。
Congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你競(jìng)賽獲得成功。
2. be+形容詞+on的詞組。
be dependent on依賴, be hard on對(duì)某人苛刻,be impressed on對(duì)…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on對(duì)…嚴(yán)格。
例如：
We can’t just be dependent on our parents. 我們不能只依賴父母。
He is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出國(guó)。
3. on+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組。
on表示處于某種狀態(tài)或在某個(gè)方位：on board乘(車,飛機(jī)),on call聽(tīng)候召喚, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire著火, on foot步行，on guard在崗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下,on one’s way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上,on time準(zhǔn)時(shí), on the move行動(dòng), on the other hand另一方面, on the spot當(dāng)場(chǎng),on the tip of one’s tongue快要說(shuō)出口, on top of在…的頂部，on watch值班。
九、in
1. 動(dòng)詞+in
a) 動(dòng)詞+ in。in在短語(yǔ)中的含義異常豐富：believe in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起;產(chǎn)生;帶來(lái), call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收獲, hand in上繳, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in導(dǎo)致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起;訂閱, turn in歸還當(dāng)局。
例如：
He was so short of money that he had to call in the loans that he had made. 他很缺乏資金，不得不收回所有的款子。
Your failure lies in your laziness. 你失敗的原因在于懶惰。
Orders are given to take in sail.已發(fā)布收帆的命令。
b) 動(dòng)詞+sb./time/money+ in。介詞in后接(doing)sth.：help sb. in幫助某人做某事, spare time/money in勻出時(shí)間或錢做某事,spend time/money in花時(shí)間或錢做某事,waste time/money in浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢做某事。
例如：
She offered to help him in the housekeeping when I am not here.她提出，我不在家時(shí)她可以幫助他料理家務(wù)。
2. be +形容詞+ in。
in表示“在某些方面或穿著”：be active in活躍于,be absorbed in專心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牽涉, be clothed in穿著, be disappointed in對(duì)…失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在…有經(jīng)驗(yàn), be employed in任職于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的專家, be excellent in在…優(yōu)秀,be interested in對(duì)…有興趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in遲緩, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in嚴(yán)于, be weak in弱于。
例如：
She was completely absorbed in her own affairs. 她完全專注于自己的事務(wù)。
More than one person has been concerned in this. 不只一人牽涉到這件事。
3. in +名詞。
in表示“處于某種狀態(tài)或在某些方面”等意思：in advance提前,in all總共，in balance總而言之，in bed臥床，in body親自，in brief簡(jiǎn)明扼要，in case萬(wàn)一, in charge主管，in danger有危險(xiǎn), in debt負(fù)債, in despair失望,in force大量地;有效，in full全部地, in flower開(kāi)花,in general一般說(shuō)來(lái),in itself本身, in love戀愛(ài), in order井然有序, in person親自,in public公開(kāi)地, in progress有進(jìn)展, in practice從實(shí)踐上看, in rags穿著破衣, in research探索, in return作為報(bào)答,in ruins一片廢墟,in short總之,in theory從理論上看, in trouble有麻煩, in tears眼淚汪汪,in time及時(shí), in turn按順序, in vain白白地，in view看得見(jiàn)。
注意下列幾個(gè)詞組中的in為副詞：check in到達(dá)登記，cut in插嘴，count in包括,draw in時(shí)間接近, drop in順路拜訪, give in屈服, pour in源源而來(lái)。
