英語作文該怎樣復習？

作文和聽力，閱讀一樣，可以早做準備。現在流行的復習方法是從下半年復習，甚至是考試前3個月才開始復習。復習的教材無一例外的是考試蟲系列的萬能作文：背一二十篇作文模式，背一二十篇范文，然后就上戰場了。腦子活的人活學活用，考后得意洋洋;腦子不活的人一籌莫展，考后傷心太平洋。年復一年，幾家歡喜幾家愁。

其實，我覺得寫好作文，應該從真正的能力培養上著手，提高真實的能力。從這個角度去復習，不僅可以提高寫作水平，還可以提高英語的語感，間接的提高閱讀水平，完型填空的水平，翻譯水平等。

作文的復習分為4個階段。

第一個階段，我覺得需要花半年的時間。

也就是今年上半年的時間。主要是挑選好的論說性的文章(比如大學英語精讀教材上的相關文章)，翻譯成中文。然后對照你翻譯的中文再翻譯成英文。把你的英文和原文對照，比較你的錯誤之處，糾正你的中式英語。這個過程很痛苦艱辛。但是是提高英語語感，寫出地道的英語句子，打好作文的基礎的唯一方法。這一階段，估計英-漢-英翻譯20篇左右的論說文章(每篇文章800字左右)就足夠了。

這一階段還要隨時摘錄好的優美句子和句型結構并熟記。

第二階段，是暑假階段。

這一階段，開始向考研應試的階段過渡。先看看萬能作文或者是其它指導考研作文的輔導書，了解考場作文是怎么一回事，如何組段成文，如何起承轉合等。同時進一步總結優美句子和句型結構。

第三個階段，是下學期開學起到考試前一個月。

這一階段就大量的寫作文。每周寫1，2篇文章。這個寫作文，也有講究：把一篇作文寫好羅，不要仍掉就不管了。把它保存好，過2天后再拿出來修改，然后謄好后再保存起來。以后有時間了再拿出來修改。如此反復的修改時，要思考怎樣把優美句子使用到我的文章中來? 怎樣把好的句子結構使用在文章中?一篇文章經過幾次修改后，把最后修改的文章謄寫好，保存下來，以備沖刺階段復習參考。

這個階段，還有個重要的任務，就是從大量的你收集的優美句子和句型結構中，挑選出你最喜歡使用的40條句子。這40條要包括所有的起承轉合，開頭結尾，原因結構，立論的句型結構。并在寫作練習中不斷的使用這40條。

第四個階段，就是考前一個月。

這一階段，把所有修改好的文章都拿出來看看。思考自己是如何把那些好的優美句子和句型結構用在文章中去的。進一步熟悉那40條句子。

附：論說文句型

注：一至七條為圖表句型。

一. 上升增長

1.add up to 增加了

eg. The total amount of added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.

2. to jump to / to soar to 一躍達到/ 猛增到

eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.

3.an increase of aboutpercent as compared with 與相比大約增加了

eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.

4.to experience an increase/incline 有了增長

eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.

二. 下降，減少

1.to sink/drop/reduce to 減少到

eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.

2.to experience a decrease/decline 有了減少

eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.

注意：

修飾上升/減少的副詞有：

rapidly slowly dramatically respectively

表達上升/減少的最后狀態的詞有：

the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%

三. 起伏

1.to go up and down 起伏不定

eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.

2.There be ups and downs 有起有伏

eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in (某方面).

四. 穩定

1.to remain steady/level/unchanged 保持穩定，幾乎不變

eg. The rate of remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.

2.to level off (vi.)

eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the rate shows signs of leveling off.

注意：

修飾起伏或穩定狀態的副詞有：

almost fairly

可以用于表達起伏，穩定狀態的句子中的詞組或句型：

the general situation was not worsening

show indications of improvement

it can be predicted that

eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.

eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in

五. 成正比，反比

1.be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 與成正比/反比

eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.

六. 占百分之幾，幾分之幾

1.to form/comprise/make up/constitute .percent 占百分之

eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population.

eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.

2.to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of占的1/2,1/3,1/4

eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.

3.account forpercent 占百分之幾

eg. , accounting for approximately 20 percent of

七. 倍數

1.A be times as much/many as B

eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.

2.A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的兩倍，一半，三倍

eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.

附一 圓盤比例型圖表

例： 一個圓盤顯示了大學生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的開銷，它們各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描敘這個圓盤圖.

描述:

The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.

總結寫作模式：

pie chart consists ofsegments, the largest one representing,which accounts for of the total.each takes up.goes to.All the rest, of all,.

八.原因結果

1.(結果), owing to (原因) [owing to 為分詞結構]

2.(結果), attributable to(原因) [attributable to為形容詞短語]

3.(結果) lie in the fact that(原因) [ 同位語從句 ]

4.(結果)result from(原因) [句型一般]

5. It is precisely because (原因)that (導致結果) [強調結構]

6. , as a result, (導致結果) [as a result做插入語]

7. (原因)be responsible for(結果) [常見句型]

8. (原因)，which in turn(結果)

eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.

九.采取措施，提出建議

1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,. Secondly,. Finally, [常見句型]

2. If we let the situation go as it is, . By that time, . 如果讓這種情況繼續發展下去，那么.到那個時候，.[比較好的句型]

3. More and more people are realizing the importance of[進行時態， more and more比many好]

4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do [ 被動語態，due attention 和be paid to 搭配]

5. If, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果(我們怎么怎么做)，那將沒有比這令我更高興的了.[條件句，反問句]

6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is for to do句型]

7. enhance the awareness of people that

8. The first nut for us to crack is 我們首先要解決的是. [比The first thing we should do is 句型 高級的多，精彩的多，生動的多]

9. as soon as possible [常見句型]

10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 結構， 比sth. be much important好]

十.方式，比較

1. (Just) as , so 正如 [ 比較句型 ]

eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases.

2. in much the same way/manner that 正如, 和一樣

eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.

十一. 讓步

1. now that 既然 [讓步從句]

eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out.

2. unlessnot [ 讓步從句]

eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起加以綜合考慮]

十二. 強調句

1. only [既是強調句,又是倒裝句]

eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.

2. It is that

eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.

3. nothing but 只不過;只有

eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(這里nothing but 可以去掉,不影響句意,但有了nothing but,就強調了后面的名詞)

十三. 假設

1. Supposing, it is likely that. 假設, 那么很可能 [假設, 虛擬語態]

eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement.

十四. 反問

1. What else can ? 還能做什么呢?

eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 這些可憐的家長除了聽從外還能做什么呢?

2. How could ? 怎能.

eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books?

十五. 比較

1. A is to B what X is to Y. A對于B 就象X對于Y

eg. Food is to man what oil is to machines.

2. more, less

eg. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get; they become more agitated, less patient.

十六. 否定

1. 雙重否定

not uncommon = common 平常的,普通的

not unusual = usual 平常的，通常的

not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的

(盡量把要強調的普通的形容詞改成雙重否定, 為文章多增加亮點)

2. by no means 并沒有;當然不

3. no longer/more 不再

eg. I am no longer that ignorant girl.

十七. 程度

1. all the more 更加

eg. That makes London all the more fascinating, doesnt it?

eg. It is all the more surprising therefore that

2. more than 做副詞, 意為 多過, 比以上, 比更

eg. I am more than happy to hear from you.

3. more than you can 遠超過你

eg. The situation is very abominable more than you can stand.環境非常惡劣,你無法忍受.

十八. 論相互關系

1. A have much(nothing) to do with B

2. A be closely related to B

3.A be directly bound up with B

4. a definite link between and

十九.直陳觀點

1. more thancan 簡直不,無法,難以

eg. The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.

2. beyond description 無法描述

eg. The beauty of the city is beyond description.

3. There is no point(use) in doing 是沒有任何意義的.

4. The first nut for us to crack is 我們首先要解決的問題是

5. short-sighted policy 眼光短淺的政策

6. while with one hand, with the other. 當(我們)一方面., 而另一方面

eg. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.

7. far from 遠離,遠遠不,非但不

eg. Far from taking exception(take exception:反對), no one is even mildly surprised.

8. be bound to

eg. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education.

9. (or) vice-versa 反之亦然

10. sth. be measured in terms of sth.用來衡量

eg. success is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity.

11. (現象), upon which views vary from person to person.

12.A be more essential to B. 對B來說, A是尤為關鍵重要的.

13.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很優美的句子,值得借鑒)

14. from the point of view 從角度來看

eg. From the health point of view 從健康的角度來看

15. must be rooted out in order to . 必須根除以

eg. Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the state. 為了使國家健康發展,必須根除腐敗.

16. represent only the tip of the iceberg. .只是冰山一角

eg. The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.

17. The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速發展帶給世界生產力和人類經濟和社會的發展一個強勁的推動力(2001年江澤民的七.一講話).

18. .stand tall and aim far, broaden ones vision and give full play to ones intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the modernization drive. 站的高看的遠,開擴自己的視野,在改革開放和現代化建設的大舞臺上充分發揮個人才智(2001年江澤民的七.一講話). (句中很多的詞組都是作文中可以運用到的,比如改革開放:reform (and) opening-up等)

19.demonstrate the value of ones life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the times. 證實自己的人生價值,努力的工作取得成就,而不辜負人民和時代的期望. (出處同上)

20.When asked about, the overwhelming majority of people say that .But other people think of as. / But I think quite differently. (對報刊上某一問題(已有不同的人發表了不同的觀點)發表自己的觀點)