考研優(yōu)美英語作文的背誦016

　　In the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner ofEurope, as well as in the Middle East, South Africa, the West Indies, andLatin America. In reality, however, there was only one major war duringthis time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillaryto this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to itsantagonists goals and strategies. France sought total domination of Europe.This goal was obstructed by British independence and Britains effortsthroughout the continent to thwart Napoleon; through treaties, Britainbuilt coalitions guaranteeingBritish participation in all major European conflicts. These two antagonistswere poorly matched, insofar as they had very unequal strengths: France waspredominant on land, Britain at sea. The French knew that, short of defeatingthe British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports ofEurope to British ships.

　　Accordingly,France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination fromMoscow to Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria. All of this entailedtremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to controlthis much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home.

　　Frenchstrategists calculated that a navy of 150 ships would provide the forcenecessary to defeat the British navy. Such a force would give France athree-to-two advantage over Britain. This advantage was deemednecessary because of Britains superior sea skills and technology, andalso because Britain would be fighting a defensive war, allowing it to winwith fewer

　　forces. Napoleon never lost sight of his goal, because Britain representedthe last substantialimpediment to his control of Europe. As his force neared that goal,Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack.

　　全文翻譯：

　　英法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

　　在 18 世紀(jì)后期，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于歐洲大陸的幾乎每一個(gè)角落，在中東、南非、西印度群島、 拉丁美洲亦都是如此。

　　然而實(shí)際上，在這一時(shí)期只有一場(chǎng)主要的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，那就是英法之間的 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 所有其他戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)都服從于這一更大的爭(zhēng)端，至少是與這兩個(gè)對(duì)手的目標(biāo)和戰(zhàn)略有某些 關(guān)聯(lián)。

　　法國力圖統(tǒng)治整個(gè)歐洲，而英國的自主及其力圖在整個(gè)歐洲大陸挫敗拿破侖的種種 努力都是法國實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的障礙。英國通過條約建立了聯(lián)盟以保證英國插手所有歐洲的主要爭(zhēng)端。

　　這兩個(gè)對(duì)頭并不是一對(duì)好對(duì)手，因?yàn)樗麄兊牧?量極不均衡：法蘭西在陸地上稱王，英格蘭則在海上稱霸。 法國人明白，如果不能擊敗英 國海軍，他們勝利的唯一希望就是讓歐洲的所有港口都對(duì)英國艦船關(guān)閉。 于是，法國將其軍事占領(lǐng)從莫斯科延伸到里斯本，從尤特蘭延伸到卡拉布里亞，企圖以此來制服英國。 所 有這些行動(dòng)包含著巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)榉▏⒉痪邆渥銐虻能娛沦Y源，來控制這么多地盤，同 時(shí)又能保護(hù)自己，維持國內(nèi)的秩序。法國戰(zhàn)略家們的算盤是，其海軍若擁有 150 艘軍艦，則 將足以擊跨英國海軍。 這樣的武力將使法國對(duì)英國具有 3 比 2 的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 這種優(yōu)勢(shì)被認(rèn)為是 必不可少的，因?yàn)橛司哂谐旱暮Ｉ霞寄芎图夹g(shù)，并且打的是一場(chǎng)防御戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，使它能以 少勝多。

　　拿破侖從未忘卻他的目標(biāo)，因?yàn)橛撬y(tǒng)治全歐的最后一個(gè)重大的障礙。 隨著 他的力量越來越靠近這個(gè)目標(biāo)，拿破侖變得越來越不耐煩起來，開始策劃立即攻擊。

　　In the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner ofEurope, as well as in the Middle East, South Africa, the West Indies, andLatin America. In reality, however, there was only one major war duringthis time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillaryto this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to itsantagonists goals and strategies. France sought total domination of Europe.This goal was obstructed by British independence and Britains effortsthroughout the continent to thwart Napoleon; through treaties, Britainbuilt coalitions guaranteeingBritish participation in all major European conflicts. These two antagonistswere poorly matched, insofar as they had very unequal strengths: France waspredominant on land, Britain at sea. The French knew that, short of defeatingthe British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports ofEurope to British ships.

　　Accordingly,France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination fromMoscow to Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria. All of this entailedtremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to controlthis much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home.

　　Frenchstrategists calculated that a navy of 150 ships would provide the forcenecessary to defeat the British navy. Such a force would give France athree-to-two advantage over Britain. This advantage was deemednecessary because of Britains superior sea skills and technology, andalso because Britain would be fighting a defensive war, allowing it to winwith fewer

　　forces. Napoleon never lost sight of his goal, because Britain representedthe last substantialimpediment to his control of Europe. As his force neared that goal,Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack.

　　全文翻譯：

　　英法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

　　在 18 世紀(jì)后期，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于歐洲大陸的幾乎每一個(gè)角落，在中東、南非、西印度群島、 拉丁美洲亦都是如此。

　　然而實(shí)際上，在這一時(shí)期只有一場(chǎng)主要的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，那就是英法之間的 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 所有其他戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)都服從于這一更大的爭(zhēng)端，至少是與這兩個(gè)對(duì)手的目標(biāo)和戰(zhàn)略有某些 關(guān)聯(lián)。

　　法國力圖統(tǒng)治整個(gè)歐洲，而英國的自主及其力圖在整個(gè)歐洲大陸挫敗拿破侖的種種 努力都是法國實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的障礙。英國通過條約建立了聯(lián)盟以保證英國插手所有歐洲的主要爭(zhēng)端。

　　這兩個(gè)對(duì)頭并不是一對(duì)好對(duì)手，因?yàn)樗麄兊牧?量極不均衡：法蘭西在陸地上稱王，英格蘭則在海上稱霸。 法國人明白，如果不能擊敗英 國海軍，他們勝利的唯一希望就是讓歐洲的所有港口都對(duì)英國艦船關(guān)閉。 于是，法國將其軍事占領(lǐng)從莫斯科延伸到里斯本，從尤特蘭延伸到卡拉布里亞，企圖以此來制服英國。 所 有這些行動(dòng)包含著巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)榉▏⒉痪邆渥銐虻能娛沦Y源，來控制這么多地盤，同 時(shí)又能保護(hù)自己，維持國內(nèi)的秩序。法國戰(zhàn)略家們的算盤是，其海軍若擁有 150 艘軍艦，則 將足以擊跨英國海軍。 這樣的武力將使法國對(duì)英國具有 3 比 2 的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 這種優(yōu)勢(shì)被認(rèn)為是 必不可少的，因?yàn)橛司哂谐旱暮Ｉ霞寄芎图夹g(shù)，并且打的是一場(chǎng)防御戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，使它能以 少勝多。

　　拿破侖從未忘卻他的目標(biāo)，因?yàn)橛撬y(tǒng)治全歐的最后一個(gè)重大的障礙。 隨著 他的力量越來越靠近這個(gè)目標(biāo)，拿破侖變得越來越不耐煩起來，開始策劃立即攻擊。