2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀紐約警察監(jiān)管過(guò)度

由雕龍文庫(kù) 分享時(shí)間：2024-03-19 07:06:19 收藏本文

　　BECAUSE of the September 2001 attacks, the NewYork Police Department has become asophisticated counter-terrorism agency. In thedecade since then the NYPD has increased thenumber of detectives on a joint task-force it haslong operated with the FBI from 17 to more than100. It hired a former senior CIA spook to head itsintelligence division. Detectives have been postedall over the world, in Abu Dhabi, Amman, Israel,London and Madrid, among other places.

　　2001年的911恐怖襲擊事件后，美國(guó)紐約警方由此變成了一個(gè)資深的反恐機(jī)構(gòu)。在911事件發(fā)生的十年時(shí)間內(nèi)，紐約警方已經(jīng)和美國(guó)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局合作偵查的案件從17起突增到100起。紐約警察局雇傭了前任中情局的高級(jí)偵探來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他們的情報(bào)部門(mén)。其探員遍布在阿布扎比，阿曼，以色列，倫敦以及馬德里等世界各個(gè)地區(qū)。

　　Scores of native speakers of around 50 languages, including Arabic, Dari, Persian, Urdu,Pushup and Bengali, have been hiredsome say the NYPD has more Arabic speakers than theFBI. It has, at times, irritated both the CIA and the FBI, who are jealous guardians of theirturf. But the results have spoken for themselves. Several plots to devastate New York havebeen foiled, including plans to blow up the Brooklyn Bridge, the stock exchange and TimesSquare.

　　許多會(huì)說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言的本地人都被雇傭起來(lái)了，包括阿拉伯語(yǔ)，波斯語(yǔ)，烏爾都語(yǔ)，Pushup和保加利亞語(yǔ)。其中一部分的人說(shuō)紐約警方所雇傭的阿拉伯人比FBI還要多。偶爾，這會(huì)激怒中情局和聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局兩個(gè)強(qiáng)勢(shì)機(jī)構(gòu)，他們都是懷著十分嫉妒情緒的人群。但是事情往往證明了他們的想法。有若干的情節(jié)還是會(huì)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的，包括破壞布魯克林大橋，紐交所以及時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)。

　　The NYPD has been duly applauded for all this. Last year Barack Obamas head of counter-terrorism called its efforts heroic. But now it may have overstepped the mark. According toan expos by the Associated Press, the NYPD has been monitoring Muslims not just in NewYork, but also across the Hudson river in Newark, New Jersey. It appearsto have done so for no better reason than that its targets practise Islam.

　　紐約警方一直都以此為榮。去年，奧巴馬政府的反恐組織頭目高度贊揚(yáng)他們的行為并稱(chēng)之為極富有英雄主義色彩。但是，現(xiàn)在他可能已經(jīng)越過(guò)雷池很多了。根據(jù)美國(guó)聯(lián)合通訊社的一則曝光內(nèi)容稱(chēng)紐約警方不僅一直監(jiān)視著在紐約地區(qū)的穆斯林們，而且還越過(guò)哈德遜河監(jiān)視著在新澤西州的紐瓦克市的穆斯林。這樣的行為明顯已經(jīng)超出僅僅是針對(duì)伊斯蘭的目標(biāo)了。

　　A 60-page demographics report about Newarks Muslims, compiled by NYPDs IntelligenceDivision, includes photographs of shops, restaurants and a school that are owned orfrequented by Muslims. It also catalogues information about Muslims on Long Island. And theNYPD has kept a close eye on students on several campuses in the north-east, includingRutgers, Columbia and Yale. An undercover cop apparently even went with students on awhite-water rafting trip.

　　一份六十頁(yè)的由紐約警方的情報(bào)部門(mén)匯編的關(guān)于紐瓦克市的穆斯林報(bào)告，包括商店店鋪，餐館以及有穆斯林學(xué)生學(xué)校的照片，還包括了一些在長(zhǎng)島地區(qū)的穆斯林的信息分類(lèi)。并且紐約警方還密切監(jiān)視著在美國(guó)東北部地區(qū)的若干大學(xué)的穆斯林學(xué)生，包括紐澤西州立大學(xué)，哥倫比亞大學(xué)以及耶魯大學(xué)。甚至還有便衣警察在與那些學(xué)生漂流的時(shí)候趁機(jī)與其接觸并展開(kāi)調(diào)查。

　　Muslims and civil-rights groups are angry and anxious about all this. Parents are advisingtheir children not to join Muslim student groups. Azka Mohyuddin, one such student, worriesthat her name will end up on a do-not-fly list. Cory Booker, Newarks mayor, and ChrisChristie, New Jerseys governor, who were not informed about the NYPDs activities, are nothappy either. New Jerseys attorney-general is looking into the matter, and the federalJustice Department is wondering whether to investigate the complaints. This being America,a class-action lawsuit is looking likely. But Ray Kelly, the police commissioner, defendedhis force in a speech on March 3rd, saying it would be folly to ignore what takes placeoutside the city. If terrorists are not limited by borders and boundaries, he said, we cantbe either.

　　穆斯林和人權(quán)組織對(duì)此表示十分的憤怒和憂慮。家長(zhǎng)們則建議他們的子女最好遠(yuǎn)離穆斯林學(xué)生群體。AzkaMohyuddin就是這樣的一個(gè)的一名學(xué)生，她擔(dān)心她會(huì)被列入不予培養(yǎng)的名單當(dāng)中。紐瓦克市市長(zhǎng)CoryBooker，以及新西南州州長(zhǎng)Chris Christie，都不知道紐約警方的這一系列的行為。他們對(duì)此也表示十分的反感。新澤西州的司法部長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)著手介入調(diào)查。聯(lián)邦司法部門(mén)正在猶豫是否去調(diào)查這樣的一些抱怨之聲。在美國(guó)，這樣的一場(chǎng)集體訴訟可能即將要上演。但是，警察委員會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)Ray Kelly在三月三號(hào)的一次演講中力挺他們這樣的行動(dòng)，并認(rèn)為忽略這個(gè)城市以外將發(fā)生的事情是一件十分愚蠢的事情。如果恐怖分子不受制于國(guó)界與邊界，我們當(dāng)然也就不會(huì)這樣做了

　　At the federal level, mechanisms are in place to keep agents in check. In New York the NYPDhas to abide by the so-called Handschu guidelines, which are designed to keep the police frominvestigating a person or group solely because of politics or religion; they need somethingconcrete to go on. But the guidelines were relaxed after the 2001 attacks, and are anywayopen to broad interpretation. Faiza Patel of the Brennan Centre for Justice feels that anindependent oversight authority, like the inspector-general in Los Angeles, may beneeded.

　　事件上升到聯(lián)邦的級(jí)別，機(jī)制的存在是為了讓機(jī)構(gòu)能夠有效的運(yùn)行。在紐約，警方的力量被那些所謂的Handschu規(guī)則所限制，這樣的一種機(jī)制是專(zhuān)門(mén)為了阻止警方因?yàn)樽诮毯驼蔚脑蛉为?dú)隨意地調(diào)查一個(gè)人或者一個(gè)團(tuán)體，而是需要一些具體的措施來(lái)跟進(jìn)。但是這樣的一些規(guī)則在2001年的恐怖襲擊之后開(kāi)始睜一只眼閉一只眼了，對(duì)涉及的一些問(wèn)題給出了一些更寬泛的解釋來(lái)作為一個(gè)所謂的掩飾。布魯南司法中心的Faiza Patel認(rèn)為一個(gè)像洛杉磯的綜合監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)那樣的獨(dú)立的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)是非常有存在的必要的。

　　The irony about this surveillance, says Eugene ODonnell of John Jay College of CriminalJusticea former policeman himselfis that it is alienating the very groups the NYPD need tokeep sweet in order to induce them to give information about extremists. This dragnetapproach was a recipe for trouble, he says.

　　但是，刑事司法學(xué)院的約翰?杰伊，原來(lái)曾身為一位警察的他卻認(rèn)為這樣的一個(gè)監(jiān)管本身就是一件很諷刺的事情，因?yàn)闄C(jī)構(gòu)本身會(huì)疏遠(yuǎn)很多紐約警察廳想要親近的群體來(lái)誘使他們提供一些關(guān)于極端分子的信息。只能說(shuō)是自作孽不可活。