2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀男性魅力
Male attractiveness
男性魅力
Abs-olutely fabulous
腹肌，絕對(duì)是極好的!
Women s expectations of the opposite sex are atleast as unrealistic as men s
男女對(duì)異性抱有的期望都不切實(shí)際，但女性更甚。
MEN have long wondered what exactly it is that women want.
女人到底看重男性身材的哪一點(diǎn)，男人們一直在苦苦尋求答案。
Some pore over men s magazines, with their promises of washboard abs, for guidance.
有些人研讀教男人如何獲得搓衣板般腹肌的男性雜志，想從中找到答案。
The more scientifically minded look for experimental data.
而更具科學(xué)精神的人則會(huì)希望從實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)中尋找答案。
The latest evidence comes from a group of researchers led byBrian Mautz, then of Australian National University.
由布萊恩莫茨帶領(lǐng)的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)了最新證據(jù)。
They gathered 105 heterosexual Australian women and showed them a series of digitallygenerated pictures of men in which three bodily characteristics were variedheight,shoulder-to-waist ratio and flaccid penis size.
他們選取了105名國(guó)內(nèi)異性戀女性，給她們展示了三種能展現(xiàn)男性魅力的組圖，
The women were asked to rate the men as sexual partners.
并讓她們以性伴侶的角度去評(píng)價(jià)這些男性。
In an article just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr Mautzand his team describe their results.
莫茨及其小組在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》剛發(fā)表了一篇文章描述了他們的研究結(jié)果。
Happily for the insecure, although the women did indeed find a larger penis alluring, it wasnot the most important factor.
結(jié)果讓那些對(duì)自己陰莖沒(méi)自信的男性感到慶幸：盡管女性的確會(huì)認(rèn)為陰莖更大更有吸引力，但這并不是最重要的因素。
That honour went to the combination of broad shoulders and a narrow waist, whichaccounted for around three-quarters of the variation in attractiveness all by itself.
最重要的是要同時(shí)擁有寬肩和窄腰，單單這點(diǎn)就能解釋所有男性魅力方差的四分之三。
Height was also only a weak predictor of appeal.
結(jié)果還得出，男性魅力也與身高關(guān)系不大。
That is odd, says Dr Mautz, because other studies have linked height with all sorts of benefits,from higher salaries to longer lives.
莫茨博士說(shuō)，但有點(diǎn)很奇怪，因?yàn)槠渌芯拷?jīng)常拿身高和好的方面聯(lián)系起來(lái)，比如高薪和長(zhǎng)壽。
The bigger-is-better effect was also subject to diminishing returns: each extra centimetre,whether of height, shoulder width or penis size, was less significant than the previous one.
越大越好的效應(yīng)也遵循收益遞減定律：無(wú)論身多高，肩多寬，陰莖多大，每多一厘米，那這一厘米的重要性都會(huì)遞減。
Nonetheless, even the tallest, broadest-shouldered and best-endowed digital hunks that theresearchers generated fell short of perfection.
然而，即便在研究者所合成的數(shù)字照片中，擁有最高身高，最寬肩膀和最大陰莖的健壯男性也算不上完美。
The optimum values appear to lie outside the tested range, they note, adding that themaxima are more than two standard deviations from the population mean for each trait.
研究者說(shuō)，最優(yōu)值似乎在測(cè)試范圍外，每項(xiàng)特征的極大值都在總體均值的兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差之外，
That means that, for each trait, fewer than 2.5% of the men whom women encounter in thereal world will be as generously proportioned as they might hope.
這也就是說(shuō)，在女性現(xiàn)實(shí)世界遇到的所有男性中，就該特征而言，尺寸能符合所愿的少于2.5%。
Men with perfect scores in all three traits will be rarer than hen s teeth.
這三方面都很完美的男性算是鳳毛麟角。
The study is not perfect.
該研究并非精確無(wú)誤。
There was no danger of the women mistaking the digital men for the real thing.
參加測(cè)試的女性并不會(huì)把虛擬男性看作是真人。
Other factorssuch as social status, for instancemay, in the real world, override thephysical preferences that the researchers were measuring.
現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，其他因素可能比研究者一直在測(cè)量的身材偏好這個(gè)因素更為重要，比如社會(huì)地位。
And it is hard, when all the subjects come from a single country, to disentangle the effects ofnurture from those of nature.
而且如果參與測(cè)驗(yàn)的女性?xún)H來(lái)自一個(gè)國(guó)家，那她們就很難將后天形成因素和先天自帶特點(diǎn)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。
It is commonly pointed out, for instance, that men s apparent preference for slim womenseems to be a relatively modern construction.
比如，普遍觀點(diǎn)指出：男性對(duì)窈窕女子有明顯偏好，似乎是現(xiàn)代西方文化做出的解釋。
Erotica from the turn of the 19th century tend to feature much curvier women than theirmodern equivalent.
相比現(xiàn)代的色情書(shū)籍，十九世紀(jì)初的則更著重描述擁有曲線(xiàn)美的女性。
Women s preferences may be just as influenced by the culture in which they grow up.
女性喜歡什么樣的男性，也許正會(huì)因她們成長(zhǎng)中所經(jīng)歷的文化的不同而不同。相比現(xiàn)代情色書(shū)刊中出現(xiàn)的女性，19世紀(jì)初情色書(shū)刊會(huì)將女性描述得更為妖嬈。她們成長(zhǎng)所處的文化背景些許會(huì)影響女性對(duì)男性的偏好吧。
On the other hand, it is a rule of thumb in biology that females are much pickier than males.
而且從生物學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，有這么一條常理，雌性都比雄性更挑剔。
There are good evolutionary reasons why that is so.
進(jìn)化論就很好地解釋了這一點(diǎn)。
Even in humans, who share the burden of child-rearing more equally than many animals,having children requires far more of an investment of resources from a female than it doesfrom a maleafter all, it is the woman who must endure nine months of pregnancy andthen breast-feed the baby.
即便在分擔(dān)子女撫養(yǎng)責(zé)任方面，人類(lèi)在所有動(dòng)物中算是做得比較公平的了，但是就生小孩而言，還是需要女性從自己身上投入更多。
Women therefore face stronger incentives to spend their relatively limited reproductiveresources on only the most attractive men, whose children will be most likely to breed inturn.
畢竟，女性需要懷胎十月，小孩生下后還需母乳喂養(yǎng)。因此就能強(qiáng)烈誘發(fā)女性將自己十分有限的生殖資源獻(xiàn)給更具吸引力的男性身上，他們的孩子才最有可能接著生養(yǎng)自己的孩子。
Back to the sit-ups, boys.
所以，小伙子，還是仰臥起坐走起吧!
詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.look for 尋找
Look for a second job or odd jobs.
找第二份工作或者做零工。
Always look for ways to improve.
總是尋找不同的方法改進(jìn)。
2.ask to 邀請(qǐng)參加
Audiences often ask to see the previous screen again.
聽(tīng)眾經(jīng)常會(huì)要求再看一遍上一張幻燈片。
Could they ask to be paid for assuming illiquidity risk?
他們能夠因?yàn)轭A(yù)想中的非流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而要求賠償嗎?
3.account for 導(dǎo)致，引起
Computers account for 5% of the country s commercial electricity consumption.
計(jì)算機(jī)占去該國(guó)商業(yè)用電的5%。
Now, the gene they discovered today doesn t account for all those cases.
不過(guò)，他們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)的基因無(wú)法解釋所有的病例。
4.subject to 使服從，使遭受
Already americans are subject to de-facto capital controls.
如今美國(guó)已經(jīng)受到變相的資本控制。
The advance estimate is subject to two revisions in coming months.
這個(gè)預(yù)先估計(jì)在未來(lái)的幾個(gè)月中需要受到兩次修訂。
Male attractiveness
男性魅力
Abs-olutely fabulous
腹肌，絕對(duì)是極好的!
Women s expectations of the opposite sex are atleast as unrealistic as men s
男女對(duì)異性抱有的期望都不切實(shí)際，但女性更甚。
MEN have long wondered what exactly it is that women want.
女人到底看重男性身材的哪一點(diǎn)，男人們一直在苦苦尋求答案。
Some pore over men s magazines, with their promises of washboard abs, for guidance.
有些人研讀教男人如何獲得搓衣板般腹肌的男性雜志，想從中找到答案。
The more scientifically minded look for experimental data.
而更具科學(xué)精神的人則會(huì)希望從實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)中尋找答案。
The latest evidence comes from a group of researchers led byBrian Mautz, then of Australian National University.
由布萊恩莫茨帶領(lǐng)的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)了最新證據(jù)。
They gathered 105 heterosexual Australian women and showed them a series of digitallygenerated pictures of men in which three bodily characteristics were variedheight,shoulder-to-waist ratio and flaccid penis size.
他們選取了105名國(guó)內(nèi)異性戀女性，給她們展示了三種能展現(xiàn)男性魅力的組圖，
The women were asked to rate the men as sexual partners.
并讓她們以性伴侶的角度去評(píng)價(jià)這些男性。
In an article just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr Mautzand his team describe their results.
莫茨及其小組在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》剛發(fā)表了一篇文章描述了他們的研究結(jié)果。
Happily for the insecure, although the women did indeed find a larger penis alluring, it wasnot the most important factor.
結(jié)果讓那些對(duì)自己陰莖沒(méi)自信的男性感到慶幸：盡管女性的確會(huì)認(rèn)為陰莖更大更有吸引力，但這并不是最重要的因素。
That honour went to the combination of broad shoulders and a narrow waist, whichaccounted for around three-quarters of the variation in attractiveness all by itself.
最重要的是要同時(shí)擁有寬肩和窄腰，單單這點(diǎn)就能解釋所有男性魅力方差的四分之三。
Height was also only a weak predictor of appeal.
結(jié)果還得出，男性魅力也與身高關(guān)系不大。
That is odd, says Dr Mautz, because other studies have linked height with all sorts of benefits,from higher salaries to longer lives.
莫茨博士說(shuō)，但有點(diǎn)很奇怪，因?yàn)槠渌芯拷?jīng)常拿身高和好的方面聯(lián)系起來(lái)，比如高薪和長(zhǎng)壽。
The bigger-is-better effect was also subject to diminishing returns: each extra centimetre,whether of height, shoulder width or penis size, was less significant than the previous one.
越大越好的效應(yīng)也遵循收益遞減定律：無(wú)論身多高，肩多寬，陰莖多大，每多一厘米，那這一厘米的重要性都會(huì)遞減。
Nonetheless, even the tallest, broadest-shouldered and best-endowed digital hunks that theresearchers generated fell short of perfection.
然而，即便在研究者所合成的數(shù)字照片中，擁有最高身高，最寬肩膀和最大陰莖的健壯男性也算不上完美。
The optimum values appear to lie outside the tested range, they note, adding that themaxima are more than two standard deviations from the population mean for each trait.
研究者說(shuō)，最優(yōu)值似乎在測(cè)試范圍外，每項(xiàng)特征的極大值都在總體均值的兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差之外，
That means that, for each trait, fewer than 2.5% of the men whom women encounter in thereal world will be as generously proportioned as they might hope.
這也就是說(shuō)，在女性現(xiàn)實(shí)世界遇到的所有男性中，就該特征而言，尺寸能符合所愿的少于2.5%。
Men with perfect scores in all three traits will be rarer than hen s teeth.
這三方面都很完美的男性算是鳳毛麟角。
The study is not perfect.
該研究并非精確無(wú)誤。
There was no danger of the women mistaking the digital men for the real thing.
參加測(cè)試的女性并不會(huì)把虛擬男性看作是真人。
Other factorssuch as social status, for instancemay, in the real world, override thephysical preferences that the researchers were measuring.
現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，其他因素可能比研究者一直在測(cè)量的身材偏好這個(gè)因素更為重要，比如社會(huì)地位。
And it is hard, when all the subjects come from a single country, to disentangle the effects ofnurture from those of nature.
而且如果參與測(cè)驗(yàn)的女性?xún)H來(lái)自一個(gè)國(guó)家，那她們就很難將后天形成因素和先天自帶特點(diǎn)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。
It is commonly pointed out, for instance, that men s apparent preference for slim womenseems to be a relatively modern construction.
比如，普遍觀點(diǎn)指出：男性對(duì)窈窕女子有明顯偏好，似乎是現(xiàn)代西方文化做出的解釋。
Erotica from the turn of the 19th century tend to feature much curvier women than theirmodern equivalent.
相比現(xiàn)代的色情書(shū)籍，十九世紀(jì)初的則更著重描述擁有曲線(xiàn)美的女性。
Women s preferences may be just as influenced by the culture in which they grow up.
女性喜歡什么樣的男性，也許正會(huì)因她們成長(zhǎng)中所經(jīng)歷的文化的不同而不同。相比現(xiàn)代情色書(shū)刊中出現(xiàn)的女性，19世紀(jì)初情色書(shū)刊會(huì)將女性描述得更為妖嬈。她們成長(zhǎng)所處的文化背景些許會(huì)影響女性對(duì)男性的偏好吧。
On the other hand, it is a rule of thumb in biology that females are much pickier than males.
而且從生物學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，有這么一條常理，雌性都比雄性更挑剔。
There are good evolutionary reasons why that is so.
進(jìn)化論就很好地解釋了這一點(diǎn)。
Even in humans, who share the burden of child-rearing more equally than many animals,having children requires far more of an investment of resources from a female than it doesfrom a maleafter all, it is the woman who must endure nine months of pregnancy andthen breast-feed the baby.
即便在分擔(dān)子女撫養(yǎng)責(zé)任方面，人類(lèi)在所有動(dòng)物中算是做得比較公平的了，但是就生小孩而言，還是需要女性從自己身上投入更多。
Women therefore face stronger incentives to spend their relatively limited reproductiveresources on only the most attractive men, whose children will be most likely to breed inturn.
畢竟，女性需要懷胎十月，小孩生下后還需母乳喂養(yǎng)。因此就能強(qiáng)烈誘發(fā)女性將自己十分有限的生殖資源獻(xiàn)給更具吸引力的男性身上，他們的孩子才最有可能接著生養(yǎng)自己的孩子。
Back to the sit-ups, boys.
所以，小伙子，還是仰臥起坐走起吧!
詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.look for 尋找
Look for a second job or odd jobs.
找第二份工作或者做零工。
Always look for ways to improve.
總是尋找不同的方法改進(jìn)。
2.ask to 邀請(qǐng)參加
Audiences often ask to see the previous screen again.
聽(tīng)眾經(jīng)常會(huì)要求再看一遍上一張幻燈片。
Could they ask to be paid for assuming illiquidity risk?
他們能夠因?yàn)轭A(yù)想中的非流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而要求賠償嗎?
3.account for 導(dǎo)致，引起
Computers account for 5% of the country s commercial electricity consumption.
計(jì)算機(jī)占去該國(guó)商業(yè)用電的5%。
Now, the gene they discovered today doesn t account for all those cases.
不過(guò)，他們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)的基因無(wú)法解釋所有的病例。
4.subject to 使服從，使遭受
Already americans are subject to de-facto capital controls.
如今美國(guó)已經(jīng)受到變相的資本控制。
The advance estimate is subject to two revisions in coming months.
這個(gè)預(yù)先估計(jì)在未來(lái)的幾個(gè)月中需要受到兩次修訂。
