2023年6月英語新四級考試聽力的長對話應(yīng)試策略
對于聽力長對話,考生應(yīng)始終牢記:不要奢望將其內(nèi)容一字不落地完全聽懂并且記住。因?yàn)榧词乖谌粘Ｉ钪杏媚刚Z對話,這也幾乎是不可能的,同時也是不必要的。在日常生活中,我們只要掌握自己關(guān)心的信息,而在聽力考試中,我們則要抓住關(guān)鍵的命題點(diǎn)。
以下分聽前預(yù)測和聽時抓點(diǎn)兩個步驟詳解聽力長對話的應(yīng)試策略。
一、聽前預(yù)測
聽前預(yù)測對于聽力長對話非常重要。放音間隔的時間應(yīng)盡可能留作預(yù)測之用。若想有效使用這短短幾十秒的放音間隔時間,需把握以下兩個原則：
1. 先縱后橫
所謂先縱，就是首先通讀每篇后的3-4個小題，找出關(guān)鍵詞，前后聯(lián)系，預(yù)測全篇大致主題。
所謂后橫，就是在仍有時間的情況下，通看各題選項(xiàng)，看看是否存在生詞，總結(jié)長句的核心意思，以此預(yù)測考點(diǎn)和可能的答案。
兩步預(yù)測都要注意隨時做出標(biāo)注,劃出關(guān)鍵詞或簡寫長句的大意,因?yàn)閱螒{記憶在高壓的聽力考試中是萬萬靠不住的。
以2007年12月Conversation Two為例:
23. A) She is thirsty for promotion.
B) She wants a much higher salary.
C) She is tired of her present work.
D) She wants to save travel expenses.
首先通過promotion, salary和work可得出本對話的大致主題是有關(guān)職業(yè),再聯(lián)系兩次出現(xiàn)的wants,想到或許與求職有關(guān),并順理成章地想到可能會談到離職的原因、新職位的性質(zhì)以及薪酬等等。這就是上面所說的先縱。
此后我們可對選項(xiàng)中較長的詞語做標(biāo)注,如下劃線所示。通過聽錄音我們發(fā)現(xiàn)本題答案的對應(yīng)信息在原文中是m fed up with my job., 正是tired of的同義置換。這就是上面所說的后橫。
可見,事先標(biāo)注關(guān)鍵信息,可讓我們在聽時將注意力集中到更小的點(diǎn),起到事半功倍的效果。
2. 分清主次
與生活中的情形相似,雙方對話的時候常有主次之分,如:一方詢問,另一方作答時,關(guān)鍵信息多出現(xiàn)在作答一方,考點(diǎn)自然也就多出于此。分清對話雙方的主次對于我們預(yù)測考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的位置很重要,方法也簡單易行。
以2006年12月Conversation Two為例:
22. A) It was about a little animal.
B) It took her six years to write.
C) It was adapted from a fairy tale.
D) It was about a little girl and her pet.
23. A) She knows how to write best-selling novels.
B) She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.
C) She is able to win enough support from publishers.
D) She can make a living by doing what she likes.
24. A) The characters. B) The readers.C) Her ideas. D) Her life experiences.
25. A) She doesnt really know where they originated.
B) She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.
C) They popped out of her child-hood dreams.
D) They grew out of her long hours of thinking.
通看下劃線部分不難發(fā)現(xiàn),幾乎所有的選項(xiàng)都與女性會話者有關(guān),可料想此對話中男性會話者多提出問題,女性多做答復(fù),聽時當(dāng)然主要聽女性會話者所說的內(nèi)容。
二、聽時抓點(diǎn)
有了充分的聽前預(yù)測,聽時的主要任務(wù)就是抓住考點(diǎn),且掌握如下兩個原則:
1. 考點(diǎn)均勻分布,易出現(xiàn)在話輪轉(zhuǎn)換處
首先,長對話后設(shè)的3-4個小題一般均勻地分布在對話的每個回合,極少出現(xiàn)某一個回合包含兩個考點(diǎn)的情況。這樣,我們在一個對話回合中找到一個考點(diǎn)后,剩余的部分就可不做詳聽,讓緊張的神經(jīng)稍做放松,有利于將精力集中于下面的考點(diǎn)。
其次,考點(diǎn)的位置多是話輪轉(zhuǎn)換的時候。具體的說,就是對話一方某段發(fā)言的開頭和結(jié)尾部分,這也完全符合西方人的思維習(xí)慣,即在發(fā)言伊始多是開門見山,而在發(fā)言結(jié)尾處又總括強(qiáng)調(diào)。
仍以2006年12月Conversation Two為例:
M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you started to write? And what was your first book?
W: I wrote my first story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean, and Ive been writing ever since.
M: Why did you choose to be an author?
W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness, step one would be finding out what you love doing most and step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing.
M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?
W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one, but I never really imagine a target audience when Im writing. The ideas come first, so it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next.
M: Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from?
W: Ive no idea where the ideas came from. And I hope Ill never find out. It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform.
2. 重復(fù)率較高的詞或短語多成為考點(diǎn)
對話的主要內(nèi)容理所當(dāng)然會得到說話人的強(qiáng)調(diào),而一個非常重要且明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)方式就是重復(fù),故重復(fù)的詞語往往能夠揭示對話的主題。
如問:What is the news coverage mainly about?
而原文中多次出現(xiàn)rebel forces, conflict, war等與叛亂相關(guān)的詞語,也可判斷本題答案為A) The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.
Try out
23. A) Marketing consultancy.
B) Professional accountancy.
C) Luxury hotel management.
D) Business conference organization.
24. A) Having a good knowledge of its customs.
B) Knowing some key people in tourism.
C) Having been to the country before.
D) Being able to speak Japanese.
25. A) It will bring her potential into full play.
B) It will involve lots of train travel.
C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese.
D) It will give her more chance to visit Japan.
聽力原文
M: Miss Jones, could you tell me more about your first job with hotel marketing concepts?
W: Yes, certainly. I was a marketing consultant responsible for marketing ten UK hotels. They were all luxury hotels in the leisure sector, all of a very high standard.
M: Which markets were you responsible for?
W: For Europe and Japan.
M: I see from your resume that you speak Japanese. Have you ever been to Japan?
W: Yes, I have. I spent a month in Japan in 2006. I met all the key people in the tourist industry, the big tour operators, and the tourist organizations. As I speak Japanese, I had a very big advantage.
M: Yes, of course. Have you had any contact with Japan in your present job?
W: Yes, Ive had a lot. Cruises have become very popular with the Japanese both for holidays and for business conferences. In fact, the market for all types of luxury holidays for the Japanese has increased a lot recently.
M: Really? Im interested to hear more about that. But first tell me, have you ever traveled on a luxury train, the Orienting Express for example.
W: No, I havent. But Ive traveled on the Glacier Express to Switzerland, and I traveled across China by train about 8 years ago. I love train travel. Thats why I am very interested in this job.
23. What did the woman do in her first job?
24. What gave the woman an advantage during her business trip in Japan?
25. Why is the woman applying for the new job?
答案 解析
23. A)細(xì)節(jié)題。問題詢問女士的第一份工作。答案在對話的開頭,關(guān)鍵詞為marketing consultant。故選A)。
24. D)細(xì)節(jié)題。問題詢問女士認(rèn)為自己在日本公司的優(yōu)勢。關(guān)鍵句是As I speak Japanese, I had a very big advantage.故選D)。
25. B)細(xì)節(jié)題。關(guān)鍵句是I love train travel. Thats why I am very interested in this job. involve意為涉及,包含。故選B)。
對于聽力長對話,考生應(yīng)始終牢記:不要奢望將其內(nèi)容一字不落地完全聽懂并且記住。因?yàn)榧词乖谌粘Ｉ钪杏媚刚Z對話,這也幾乎是不可能的,同時也是不必要的。在日常生活中,我們只要掌握自己關(guān)心的信息,而在聽力考試中,我們則要抓住關(guān)鍵的命題點(diǎn)。
以下分聽前預(yù)測和聽時抓點(diǎn)兩個步驟詳解聽力長對話的應(yīng)試策略。
一、聽前預(yù)測
聽前預(yù)測對于聽力長對話非常重要。放音間隔的時間應(yīng)盡可能留作預(yù)測之用。若想有效使用這短短幾十秒的放音間隔時間,需把握以下兩個原則：
1. 先縱后橫
所謂先縱，就是首先通讀每篇后的3-4個小題，找出關(guān)鍵詞，前后聯(lián)系，預(yù)測全篇大致主題。
所謂后橫，就是在仍有時間的情況下，通看各題選項(xiàng)，看看是否存在生詞，總結(jié)長句的核心意思，以此預(yù)測考點(diǎn)和可能的答案。
兩步預(yù)測都要注意隨時做出標(biāo)注,劃出關(guān)鍵詞或簡寫長句的大意,因?yàn)閱螒{記憶在高壓的聽力考試中是萬萬靠不住的。
以2007年12月Conversation Two為例:
23. A) She is thirsty for promotion.
B) She wants a much higher salary.
C) She is tired of her present work.
D) She wants to save travel expenses.
首先通過promotion, salary和work可得出本對話的大致主題是有關(guān)職業(yè),再聯(lián)系兩次出現(xiàn)的wants,想到或許與求職有關(guān),并順理成章地想到可能會談到離職的原因、新職位的性質(zhì)以及薪酬等等。這就是上面所說的先縱。
此后我們可對選項(xiàng)中較長的詞語做標(biāo)注,如下劃線所示。通過聽錄音我們發(fā)現(xiàn)本題答案的對應(yīng)信息在原文中是m fed up with my job., 正是tired of的同義置換。這就是上面所說的后橫。
可見,事先標(biāo)注關(guān)鍵信息,可讓我們在聽時將注意力集中到更小的點(diǎn),起到事半功倍的效果。
2. 分清主次
與生活中的情形相似,雙方對話的時候常有主次之分,如:一方詢問,另一方作答時,關(guān)鍵信息多出現(xiàn)在作答一方,考點(diǎn)自然也就多出于此。分清對話雙方的主次對于我們預(yù)測考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的位置很重要,方法也簡單易行。
以2006年12月Conversation Two為例:
22. A) It was about a little animal.
B) It took her six years to write.
C) It was adapted from a fairy tale.
D) It was about a little girl and her pet.
23. A) She knows how to write best-selling novels.
B) She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.
C) She is able to win enough support from publishers.
D) She can make a living by doing what she likes.
24. A) The characters. B) The readers.C) Her ideas. D) Her life experiences.
25. A) She doesnt really know where they originated.
B) She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.
C) They popped out of her child-hood dreams.
D) They grew out of her long hours of thinking.
通看下劃線部分不難發(fā)現(xiàn),幾乎所有的選項(xiàng)都與女性會話者有關(guān),可料想此對話中男性會話者多提出問題,女性多做答復(fù),聽時當(dāng)然主要聽女性會話者所說的內(nèi)容。
二、聽時抓點(diǎn)
有了充分的聽前預(yù)測,聽時的主要任務(wù)就是抓住考點(diǎn),且掌握如下兩個原則:
1. 考點(diǎn)均勻分布,易出現(xiàn)在話輪轉(zhuǎn)換處
首先,長對話后設(shè)的3-4個小題一般均勻地分布在對話的每個回合,極少出現(xiàn)某一個回合包含兩個考點(diǎn)的情況。這樣,我們在一個對話回合中找到一個考點(diǎn)后,剩余的部分就可不做詳聽,讓緊張的神經(jīng)稍做放松,有利于將精力集中于下面的考點(diǎn)。
其次,考點(diǎn)的位置多是話輪轉(zhuǎn)換的時候。具體的說,就是對話一方某段發(fā)言的開頭和結(jié)尾部分,這也完全符合西方人的思維習(xí)慣,即在發(fā)言伊始多是開門見山,而在發(fā)言結(jié)尾處又總括強(qiáng)調(diào)。
仍以2006年12月Conversation Two為例:
M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you started to write? And what was your first book?
W: I wrote my first story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean, and Ive been writing ever since.
M: Why did you choose to be an author?
W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness, step one would be finding out what you love doing most and step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing.
M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?
W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one, but I never really imagine a target audience when Im writing. The ideas come first, so it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next.
M: Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from?
W: Ive no idea where the ideas came from. And I hope Ill never find out. It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform.
2. 重復(fù)率較高的詞或短語多成為考點(diǎn)
對話的主要內(nèi)容理所當(dāng)然會得到說話人的強(qiáng)調(diào),而一個非常重要且明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)方式就是重復(fù),故重復(fù)的詞語往往能夠揭示對話的主題。
如問:What is the news coverage mainly about?
而原文中多次出現(xiàn)rebel forces, conflict, war等與叛亂相關(guān)的詞語,也可判斷本題答案為A) The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.
Try out
23. A) Marketing consultancy.
B) Professional accountancy.
C) Luxury hotel management.
D) Business conference organization.
24. A) Having a good knowledge of its customs.
B) Knowing some key people in tourism.
C) Having been to the country before.
D) Being able to speak Japanese.
25. A) It will bring her potential into full play.
B) It will involve lots of train travel.
C) It will enable her to improve her Chinese.
D) It will give her more chance to visit Japan.
聽力原文
M: Miss Jones, could you tell me more about your first job with hotel marketing concepts?
W: Yes, certainly. I was a marketing consultant responsible for marketing ten UK hotels. They were all luxury hotels in the leisure sector, all of a very high standard.
M: Which markets were you responsible for?
W: For Europe and Japan.
M: I see from your resume that you speak Japanese. Have you ever been to Japan?
W: Yes, I have. I spent a month in Japan in 2006. I met all the key people in the tourist industry, the big tour operators, and the tourist organizations. As I speak Japanese, I had a very big advantage.
M: Yes, of course. Have you had any contact with Japan in your present job?
W: Yes, Ive had a lot. Cruises have become very popular with the Japanese both for holidays and for business conferences. In fact, the market for all types of luxury holidays for the Japanese has increased a lot recently.
M: Really? Im interested to hear more about that. But first tell me, have you ever traveled on a luxury train, the Orienting Express for example.
W: No, I havent. But Ive traveled on the Glacier Express to Switzerland, and I traveled across China by train about 8 years ago. I love train travel. Thats why I am very interested in this job.
23. What did the woman do in her first job?
24. What gave the woman an advantage during her business trip in Japan?
25. Why is the woman applying for the new job?
答案 解析
23. A)細(xì)節(jié)題。問題詢問女士的第一份工作。答案在對話的開頭,關(guān)鍵詞為marketing consultant。故選A)。
24. D)細(xì)節(jié)題。問題詢問女士認(rèn)為自己在日本公司的優(yōu)勢。關(guān)鍵句是As I speak Japanese, I had a very big advantage.故選D)。
25. B)細(xì)節(jié)題。關(guān)鍵句是I love train travel. Thats why I am very interested in this job. involve意為涉及,包含。故選B)。
