初三英語專題講解:詞匯辨析(三)

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初三英語專題講解:詞匯辨析(三)

  1. think/ think/about/ think of

  (1) think 單獨使用時表示思考, 接that 賓語從句時意為認為,覺得。

  I am thinking how to work out the problem.

  I think she is a good student.

  當賓語從句含有否定概念時,通常形式上否定think ,但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。

  I dont think he can come.

  I dont think it will be windy.

  (2)think about 可接一個名詞,動詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導的不定式或賓語從句,意思是考慮。

  I have thought about it for a long time.

  Please think about how to tell her the bad news.

  (3)think of 表示認為, 一般用于疑問句中,與what 連用。

  What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?

  2. big/ large/ great

  上述形容詞都表示大,但側重點及程度不同。

  (1) big指具體事物的大小,強調比正常形體的標準大,既可用在普通場合,也可用在正式場合。它可用來指人的身材高大或長大了,還可表示偉大,重要之意。如:

  Can you lift up this big stone?

  On the last day I made a big decision.

  (2) large特別強調遠遠超過標準的大,指體積、面積、容積、數量之大。如:

  A whale is a large animal.

  A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.

  (3) great除了表示數量體積之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味著偉大性,重要性,優越性;常用于抽象

  或無形的東西;用于有形的東西時,常帶有偉大,大得令人吃驚等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:

  China is a great country with a long history.

  He was one of the greatest scientists.

  3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay

  (1) cost表示花錢,花費,付出(只能用于錢、精力、生命等;主語必須是物。)

  The book cost me five yuan.

  (2) take的主語是動詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。

  It took me five yuan to buy the book...

  (3) spend,在主動語句中主語是人

  I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.

  (4) pay的主語是人。

  I paid five yuan for the book.

  4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low

  這四個詞在談論到價格的高低時,要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價格高,而cheap 與low涉及到價格低。

  (1) expensive昂貴的,花錢多的。這個單詞若談到價格高,貨貴時,其主語不能是價格,必須是貨物、物品本身。如:

  This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。

  These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。

  注意:cheap表示價廉,便宜的,其主語也不能是價格,必須是物品本身。如:

  The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。

  This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。

  (2)high在表示價格時,含義是高,low在表示價格時,含義是低,這兩個詞不能用于物品本身,只能用在價格上。如:

  The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價格太高了。

  The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價格對我來說是不低。

  下面我們試看幾個句子的正誤對照:

  The price of this computer is expensive.

  (宜改為:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )

  The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.

  (宜改為:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )

  5. alone/ lonely

  lonely 與alone的意思比較接近,但在使用時有所區別:

  (1)lonely用作形容詞,意思是孤單的;寂寞的。可指心靈上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語,也可作定語。

  (2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞,意思是單獨;獨自,不指心理上寂寞的感覺。

  She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.

  她被帶到一個荒島上,自己居住,但她從不感到寂寞。

  6. before long/ long before

  (1)before long 作不久以后講,切不要按字面譯為長時間以前或好久以前。如:

  We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久(以后)就把實驗做完。

  (2)long before 作很久以前講。原意為以前很久,故也可譯為老早。long before 跟before long

  不同,前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句;當上下文明確時,名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。

  They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.

  我們昨天開始做實驗,但我們在那以前很久就已經做準備了。

  7. as/ when/ while

  (1)as 是連詞,意思是當的時候,一面一面,(強調同時,一般連續時間不長),如:

  As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.

  正當我們談論泰坦尼克號這部電影時,教師進來了。

  The students sing as they go along. 學生們邊走邊唱。

  (2)When和as一樣都是連詞,注意它們的不同。如when當的時候(一般表示動作緊接著發生);那時(等立連詞,前有逗號分開)

  I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山,那時天開始下雨了。

  (3)while是當時候;和同時(強調同時發生,一般連續時間較長)

  While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當我在看電視的時候,他正在看書。

  While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。

  8. beat/win/ hit

  (1)beat 是動詞,意思是連續地打; 打敗; 敲打。beat后可接人或隊名。意思是擊敗對手。如:

  I can beat you at swimming.

  (2)win意思是贏得某個項目,后面常接match, game。如:

  He won a game. 他勝一局。

  We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。

  (3)hit意思是擊中(有時可表示打一下)。如:

  The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣,打了她孩子一下。

  9. keep doing/keep on doing

  (1)keep doing側重表示持續不停地做某事或持續某種狀態。如:

  The girl kept crying all the time. 那個女孩一直在哭。

  The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個嬰兒連續睡了大約四個小時。

  (2)keep on doing 表示總不斷做某事,不表示靜止狀態。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類詞連用。如:

  It kept on raining for seven days.

  Dont keep on asking such silly questions.

  10. get/ turn/ become

  這三個詞都可作系動詞用,表示狀態的變化,后跟表語,但三個詞的用法稍有不同。get強調情感、氣候和環境的變化;turn強調色彩的變化;而become則強調職務、職稱等的變化。如:

  The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越來越短。

  She couldnt answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出問題,臉紅了。

  When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時候當的老師?十年前。

  1. think/ think/about/ think of

  (1) think 單獨使用時表示思考, 接that 賓語從句時意為認為,覺得。

  I am thinking how to work out the problem.

  I think she is a good student.

  當賓語從句含有否定概念時,通常形式上否定think ,但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。

  I dont think he can come.

  I dont think it will be windy.

  (2)think about 可接一個名詞,動詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導的不定式或賓語從句,意思是考慮。

  I have thought about it for a long time.

  Please think about how to tell her the bad news.

  (3)think of 表示認為, 一般用于疑問句中,與what 連用。

  What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?

  2. big/ large/ great

  上述形容詞都表示大,但側重點及程度不同。

  (1) big指具體事物的大小,強調比正常形體的標準大,既可用在普通場合,也可用在正式場合。它可用來指人的身材高大或長大了,還可表示偉大,重要之意。如:

  Can you lift up this big stone?

  On the last day I made a big decision.

  (2) large特別強調遠遠超過標準的大,指體積、面積、容積、數量之大。如:

  A whale is a large animal.

  A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.

  (3) great除了表示數量體積之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味著偉大性,重要性,優越性;常用于抽象

  或無形的東西;用于有形的東西時,常帶有偉大,大得令人吃驚等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:

  China is a great country with a long history.

  He was one of the greatest scientists.

  3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay

  (1) cost表示花錢,花費,付出(只能用于錢、精力、生命等;主語必須是物。)

  The book cost me five yuan.

  (2) take的主語是動詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。

  It took me five yuan to buy the book...

  (3) spend,在主動語句中主語是人

  I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.

  (4) pay的主語是人。

  I paid five yuan for the book.

  4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low

  這四個詞在談論到價格的高低時,要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價格高,而cheap 與low涉及到價格低。

  (1) expensive昂貴的,花錢多的。這個單詞若談到價格高,貨貴時,其主語不能是價格,必須是貨物、物品本身。如:

  This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。

  These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。

  注意:cheap表示價廉,便宜的,其主語也不能是價格,必須是物品本身。如:

  The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。

  This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。

  (2)high在表示價格時,含義是高,low在表示價格時,含義是低,這兩個詞不能用于物品本身,只能用在價格上。如:

  The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價格太高了。

  The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價格對我來說是不低。

  下面我們試看幾個句子的正誤對照:

  The price of this computer is expensive.

  (宜改為:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )

  The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.

  (宜改為:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )

  5. alone/ lonely

  lonely 與alone的意思比較接近,但在使用時有所區別:

  (1)lonely用作形容詞,意思是孤單的;寂寞的。可指心靈上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語,也可作定語。

  (2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞,意思是單獨;獨自,不指心理上寂寞的感覺。

  She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.

  她被帶到一個荒島上,自己居住,但她從不感到寂寞。

  6. before long/ long before

  (1)before long 作不久以后講,切不要按字面譯為長時間以前或好久以前。如:

  We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久(以后)就把實驗做完。

  (2)long before 作很久以前講。原意為以前很久,故也可譯為老早。long before 跟before long

  不同,前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句;當上下文明確時,名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。

  They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.

  我們昨天開始做實驗,但我們在那以前很久就已經做準備了。

  7. as/ when/ while

  (1)as 是連詞,意思是當的時候,一面一面,(強調同時,一般連續時間不長),如:

  As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.

  正當我們談論泰坦尼克號這部電影時,教師進來了。

  The students sing as they go along. 學生們邊走邊唱。

  (2)When和as一樣都是連詞,注意它們的不同。如when當的時候(一般表示動作緊接著發生);那時(等立連詞,前有逗號分開)

  I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山,那時天開始下雨了。

  (3)while是當時候;和同時(強調同時發生,一般連續時間較長)

  While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當我在看電視的時候,他正在看書。

  While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。

  8. beat/win/ hit

  (1)beat 是動詞,意思是連續地打; 打敗; 敲打。beat后可接人或隊名。意思是擊敗對手。如:

  I can beat you at swimming.

  (2)win意思是贏得某個項目,后面常接match, game。如:

  He won a game. 他勝一局。

  We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。

  (3)hit意思是擊中(有時可表示打一下)。如:

  The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣,打了她孩子一下。

  9. keep doing/keep on doing

  (1)keep doing側重表示持續不停地做某事或持續某種狀態。如:

  The girl kept crying all the time. 那個女孩一直在哭。

  The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個嬰兒連續睡了大約四個小時。

  (2)keep on doing 表示總不斷做某事,不表示靜止狀態。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類詞連用。如:

  It kept on raining for seven days.

  Dont keep on asking such silly questions.

  10. get/ turn/ become

  這三個詞都可作系動詞用,表示狀態的變化,后跟表語,但三個詞的用法稍有不同。get強調情感、氣候和環境的變化;turn強調色彩的變化;而become則強調職務、職稱等的變化。如:

  The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越來越短。

  She couldnt answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出問題,臉紅了。

  When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時候當的老師?十年前。

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